Partial Replacement of Portland-Composite Cement by Fluidized Bed Combustion Fly Ash

Rissanen, Jouni; Ohenoja, Katja; Kinnunen, Päivö; Illikainen, Mirja

doi:10.1061/(asce)mt.1943-5533.0001899

Cited by 35 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…When comparing these results to earlier published work [9,16,29,35], it can be seen that the achieved activity indexes are lower for classified fly ashes (Fig. 7) than for original fly ashes.…”

Section: Mortar Experimentssupporting

confidence: 64%

“…In addition to prevent disposal, using fly ash as a cement replacement material means a significant reduction in CO 2 emissions related to industrial cement production from traditional raw materials (limestone and clay), and the preservation of natural resources can also be achieved. There are many promising studies that have investigated the use of FBC fly ash as a cement replacement material [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. However, the use of FBC or biomass fly ashes as a partial cement replacement material is not allowed by the American standard ASTM 618 [14] or the European standard EN 450-1 [15], which are the standards governing the use of fly ashes as mineral admixtures in concrete.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanically Treated Fly Ash from Fluidized Bed Combustion of Peat, Wood, and Wastes in Concrete

Ohenoja

Wigren²,

Österbacka

et al. 2019

Waste Biomass Valor

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Fly ash generation in fluidized bed combustion (FBC) is a critical issue in many countries due to its disposal is becoming increasingly restricted and expensive. Because of this, there is a demand for applications in which these types of fly ashes could be utilized efficiently. One promising use for FBC fly ashes is as a cement replacement material in mortar and concrete. The current concrete regulations do not allow the use FBC fly ash as a supplementary cementitious material, but it can be expected to be included in the standards in the future. The properties of FBC fly ashes typically do not fulfill the values set in the standards as such. This study aimed to establish whether the properties of fly ashes from FBC of peat, wood, and wastes can be modified by mechanical classification and grinding so that they meet the requirements of the standards. The sulfate and chloride content, the sum of the main components (Si, Al, Fe), and the fineness of material were analyzed before and after the classification and grinding processes. In addition, the mortar specimens were prepared by using the processed fly ash as a cement replacement material. It was found that air jet classification is an effective fractionating method for fly ashes that effectively removes sulfate and chloride into fine fraction. Classified and ground fly ashes are potential alternative cement replacement materials. It is possible to achieve 80% of the control sample's compressive strength and 90% of the control sample's flexural strength for mortars containing 20% of classified and ground FBC fly ashes. Graphical AbstractLow utilization potential fly ash Fine fraction: 10 -30% fly ash~ Hazardous components: heavy metals, SO 4 , Cl Coarse fraction: 70 -90% fly ash C hemical composition fulfills EN 450-1 concrete standard Waste disposal stabilization Grinding High value product, e.g. for concrete air air Air jet classificationThis study aimed to establish whether the utilization potential of fly ashes from FBC of peat, wood, and wastes can be improved in concrete by mechanical classification and grinding, which is not done earlier. We found that it is possible to modify these fly ashes to fulfill concrete standards. Usually it is thought that fly ashes from fluidized bed combustion are not suitable for standardized concrete, but this study shows that with treatments it is possible.

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Section: Mortar Experimentssupporting

confidence: 64%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanically Treated Fly Ash from Fluidized Bed Combustion of Peat, Wood, and Wastes in Concrete

Ohenoja

Wigren²,

Österbacka

et al. 2019

Waste Biomass Valor

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…However, these limit values still provide a guideline for fly ash utilization in concrete. However, FBC fly ash utilization in concrete has been studied in few papers (Rajamma et al, 2015(Rajamma et al, , 2009Rissanen et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fly ash classification efficiency of electrostatic precipitators in fluidized bed combustion of peat, wood, and forest residues

Ohenoja

Körkkö²,

Wigren³

et al. 2018

Journal of Environmental Management

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The increasing use of biomasses in the production of electricity and heat results in an increased amount of burning residue, fly ash which disposal is becoming more and more restricted and expensive. Therefore, there is a great interest in utilizing fly ashes instead of just disposing of it. This study aimed to establish whether the utilization of fly ash from the fluidized bed combustion of peat, wood, and forest residues can be improved by electrostatic precipitator separation of sulfate, chloride, and some detrimental metals. Classification selectivity calculations of electrostatic precipitators for three different fuel mixtures from two different power plants were performed by using Nelson's and Karnis's selectivity indices. Results showed that all fly ashes behaved similarly in the electrostatic separation process SiO resulted in coarse fractions with Nelson's selectivity of 0.2 or more, while sulfate, chloride, and the studied detrimental metals (arsenic, cadmium, and lead) enriched into fine fractions with varying selectivity from 0.2 to 0.65. Overall, the results of this study suggest that it is possible to improve the utilization potential of fly ashes from fluidized bed combustion in concrete, fertilizer, and earth construction applications by using electrostatic precipitators for the fractionating of fly ashes in addition to their initial function of collecting fly ash particles from flue gases. The separation of the finer fractions (ESP 2 and 3) from ESP 1 field fly ash is recommended.

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“…The utilization of fly ash as supplementary cementing materials, and as alternative binders to Portland cement has been successfully tested on a large-scale reinforced geopolymer concrete in order to address the global warming issues generated by the cement industry [76]. Indeed, recent studies clearly highlight that fly ash has potential as a cement replacement [86], or even with the possibility of using this waste as a self-hardening material for earth construction [87]. The use of BFA for the production of roller-compacted concrete applied in storage slabs is an application with large benefits that could be adopted inside the pulp and paper industry, reusing the wastes generated in the process in their own infrastructure (pavement of storage areas and roads in urban and forests locations) with economic and environmental benefits [77].…”

Section: Laboratorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Inorganic Waste Generated in Kraft Pulp Mills: The Transition from Landfill to Industrial Applications

Quina

Pinheiro

2020

Applied Sciences

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Kraft pulp mills produce the main raw material for paper, while several waste products are generated in large quantities in the process. This review study addresses four of the main inorganic wastes formed by this industry, namely green liquor dregs (GLD), slaker grits (SG), lime mud (LM) and boiler fly ash (BFA), which are still mostly discarded in landfills. A brief overview of a typical industrial process was included to outline the waste generation points. The main chemical and physical properties are indicated for highlighting the most relevant characteristics to determine which applications may be considered in each case. An in-depth literature review allowed the identification of the main applications that have been tested mainly at the laboratory scale and some at an industrial scale. The applications are grouped into construction materials, geotechnical, environmental, agricultural and others. This assessment shows that the circular economy and the sustainable development goals of the UN are important issues for organizations in general, and the pulp mill in particular. In fact, this industry has managed to close the chemicals loops, recover energy and reduce water consumption in the process. However, the current situation of inorganic waste can still be improved if industrial applications are developed to avoid landfill.

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Partial Replacement of Portland-Composite Cement by Fluidized Bed Combustion Fly Ash

Cited by 35 publications

References 37 publications

Mechanically Treated Fly Ash from Fluidized Bed Combustion of Peat, Wood, and Wastes in Concrete

Mechanically Treated Fly Ash from Fluidized Bed Combustion of Peat, Wood, and Wastes in Concrete

Fly ash classification efficiency of electrostatic precipitators in fluidized bed combustion of peat, wood, and forest residues

Inorganic Waste Generated in Kraft Pulp Mills: The Transition from Landfill to Industrial Applications

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