Partially fluorinated and ammonium-functionalized terpolymers: Effect of aliphatic groups on the properties of anion conductive membranes

Abstract

Synthesis and properties of a series of ammonium‐containing terpolymers (QPAF‐3) as anion conductive membranes are reported. The QPAF‐3s composed of perfluoroalkylene, alkylene, and ammonium‐functionalized phenylene groups without heteroatom linkages in the main chain were synthesized via nickel‐mediated polycondensation reaction, followed by chloromethylation, quaternization, and ion exchange reactions. Self‐standing, bendable membranes were obtained by solution casting. The QPAF‐3 membrane with optimized terpolymer composition and ion exchange capacity (1.46 meq g−1) showed high hydroxide ion conductivity (123 mS cm−1 in water at 80 °C). The alkaline stability test in 1 M KOH for 1000 h at 80 °C and the post‐test analysis with IR spectra and tensile strength suggested that ammonium groups were likely to be decomposed while the polymer main chain was chemically more robust. The presence of the alkylene groups in the terpolymers lowered solubility, glass transition temperature, and elongation property of the resulting membranes. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 1442–1450

Properties and Morphologies of Anion-Exchange Membranes with Different Lengths of Fluorinated Hydrophobic Chains

“…This is a typical behavior for ionomeric membranes. 12 , 15 , 21 , 39 , 40 However, the QPAF(C6)-4 membrane exhibited larger slopes in both the elastic region (Young’s modulus) and the inelastic region, indicating a higher resistance to expansion, which suggests a higher degree of interaction between the polymer chains.…”

Utilizing thiol–ene chemistry for crosslinked nickel cation‐based anion exchange membranes

“…Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) have been the most successful type of fuel cell technology, in part due to the development of Nafion, a poly(perfluorosulfonic acid), which has excellent chemical, mechanical, and proton conductive properties . Despite Nafion's success and the widespread research in this field, PEMFCs have considerable drawbacks including limited real‐world durability, high cost from the required precious metal catalysts, perfluoronated polymers, and high methanol or other liquid fuel crossover when used in direct methanol‐ or other liquid‐fed fuel cells . As a result, developing alternatives to PEMFCs has become an important focus of current research.…”

“…5-7 Despite Nafion's success and the widespread research in this field, PEMFCs have considerable drawbacks including limited real-world durability, high cost from the required precious metal catalysts, perfluoronated polymers, and high methanol or other liquid fuel crossover when used in direct methanol-or other liquid-fed fuel cells. [8][9][10][11] As a result, developing alternatives to PEMFCs has become an important focus of current research.…”

Enhancing Toxic Metal Ions and Dye Removal Properties of Nanostructured Terpolymer Formed by Diaminodiphenylmethane-Resorcinol-Formaldehyde

“…The unique chemical structure of CDAPE terpolymer offers excellent performances including good thermal and metal ions adsorption/desorption properties, such properties help to treatment of waste water . An anion conductive terpolymer membrane (QPAF‐3) was used in alkaline fuel cells with great advantages over those with acidic proton conductive membranes . The condensation product between 8‐hydroxyquinoline, formaldehyde and 4‐chloroacetophenone cross linked (HQFCA) terpolymer was used for the preparation of antimicrobial coatings and also the other possible uses in bioengineering field .…”

“…[39] An anion conductive terpolymer membrane (QPAF-3) was used in alkaline fuel cells with great advantages over those with acidic proton conductive membranes. [40] The condensation product between 8-hydroxyquinoline, formaldehyde and 4-chloroacetophenone cross linked (HQFCA) terpolymer was used for the preparation of antimicrobial coatings and also the other possible uses in bioengineering field. [41] An eco-friendly application of chelating terpolymer pcresol-melamine-formaldehyde (p-CMF) was found to have an excellent cation-exchange property for certain metals, owing to their excellent physical, chemical and electrical conductivity.…”