Participating in Two Video Concussion Education Programs Sequentially Improves Concussion-Reporting Intention

Abstract

Undiagnosed concussions increase the risk of additional concussion and persistent symptoms from concussion. Because there are no reliable objective markers of concussion, self-reporting of subjective and non-visible symptoms are critical to ensuring proper concussion management. For this reason, educational interventions target concussion reporting, but the majority of studies have examined the efficacy of single educational interventions or compared interventions to one another. This randomized crossover study sought to identify whether there was benefit to administering multiple concussion education programs in tandem, back to back. The study randomized 313 male high school football players to first receive CrashCourse concussion education (CC) or Centers for Disease Control and Prevention video concussion education (CDC) followed by crossover with the other education. Athlete concussion-reporting intention, attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and enjoyment of education were assessed at baseline and after each intervention. There were statistically significant improvements across all measures, both after single intervention and crossover (all p < 0.001). Secondary analyses examining differences between education found that athletes reported higher enjoyment of concussion education immediately after participating in CC, as compared to CDC ( p < 0.001). These findings demonstrate an additive benefit to implementing CC and CDC education in tandem, without decrement in enjoyment of concussion education after experiencing dual educations; in fact, enjoyment of concussion education improved after receiving education programs back to back. These educational programs appear to complement one another, and the results support the use of multi-modal concussion education to differentially target and maximize concussion reporting.

Investigation of concussion knowledge and attitudes of Chinese amateur adolescent soccer athletes

“…For this reason, educational interventions target focus on concussion reporting. [38] Adolescent soccer athletes who have received concussion education are more likely to report the symptoms of concussion in the game. [39] Educational interventions need to accurately assess the knowledge gaps in a particular population to develop relevant educational strategies.…”

“…However, they were unable to articulate these risks other than “secondary damage” or “cognitive problems.” Therefore, concussion education is necessary to help athletes realize the dangers of concussion and to make them to report concussion symptoms in a timely manner. [30,37–39] Two extraneous factors that may influence concussion reporting are the “substitution rule” and the “importance of the game.” [40] Almost all athletes said that the importance of the game influenced their decision to report a concussion, while 55.1% of athletes selected the option that “I would not return early because of semifinals” in the RoCKAS-ST questionnaire. Then, there is often a discrepancy between reported intentions and actual behavior.…”