Participation in Community Associations by Occupation: A Test of Three Theories

Hagedorn, Robert; Labovitz, Sanford

doi:10.2307/2092393

Cited by 32 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…On the other hand, other types of societal systems (non-democratic) either do not require or restrict voluntary association development. Hagedorn and Labovitz (1968: 282-283) use three general theories --those of alienation, socialization and task generalization --to predict the membership and participation in voluntary associations of members of two complex work organizations. Their findings indicate that the utility of the three theories, as predictive mechanisms, varies according to the dimension one is using as an independent variable (e.g., subjective or behavioral, formal or informal roles).…”

Section: Statement Of the Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dominant Statuses and Involvement in Formal Voluntary Associations

Lemon

Palisi²,

Jacobson

1972

Journal of Voluntary Action Research

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Statement of the ProblemSociologists have produced a wealth of literature in the field of voluntary associations and social participation. However, among the mass of facts and ideas there is one major void; most studies are descriptive and lack the abstract concepts and theoretical framework necessary for integrating the various findings and trends. There are relatively few conceptual schemes which tie together these facts so that one knows how and why the various aspects and dimensions involved in voluntary organization participation relate to each other (Coleman, 1951: 135; Freeman, et al., 1957: 533). The absence of conceptual schemes is particularly evident at the level of broad generalizations. Gordon and Babchuk (1959: 22-29) classified voluntary associations according to their degree of accessibility of membership, status conferring capacity and instrumental vs. expressive attributes. The resulting typology enabled them to develop propositions for analyzing the relationships among these variables and for analyzing how they relate to functions of organizations and demographic factors such as age, sex, nativity, and education of members.Arnold Rose (1954) viewed voluntary associations as contributing to the deveopment and maintenance of democratic societies. Thus, he approaches these organizations from a functionalist viewpoint. Voluntary associations satisfy basic functional requirements in a democratic society, he argues, and thus have a positive value for this type of system. On the other hand, other types of societal systems (non-democratic) either do not require or restrict voluntary association development.Hagedorn and Labovitz (1968: 282-283) use three general theories --those of alienation, socialization and task generalization --to predict the membership and participation in voluntary associations of members of two complex work organizations. Their findings indicate that the utility of the three theories, as predictive mechanisms, varies according to the dimension one is using as an independent variable (e.g., subjective or behavioral, formal or informal roles).All the above references have two common characteristics:(1) a deductive logic to develop a rationale is employed and (2) the generalizability of the propositions are somewhat limited to specific conditions. For example, the instrumental-expressive typology and the resultant predictions are most relevant in societies having cultures which make instrumental-expressive distinctions. Such a distinction is appropriate for Western societies with a work vs. recreation dilemma, an intrinsic value vs. extrinsic value dilemma, or a collectivity orientation vs. self orientation dilemma. However, what happens in non-Western societies, or in situations not making such means-ends distinctions? The functionalist view of voluntary association participation focuses on democratic societies. Does one assume (or state by definition) that there are no voluntary associations, or that there are fewer associations in non-democratic societies?' How does one exp...

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Section: Statement Of the Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dominant Statuses and Involvement in Formal Voluntary Associations

Lemon

Palisi²,

Jacobson

1972

Journal of Voluntary Action Research

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“…Hagedorn and Labovitz (1965) claimed a spillover effect resulting from educational level and leadership on the job, as shown by high rates of community group participation by persons high on these factors, but no spillover from lack of formal and informal communications with fellow employees. Hagedorn and Labovitz (1965) claimed a spillover effect resulting from educational level and leadership on the job, as shown by high rates of community group participation by persons high on these factors, but no spillover from lack of formal and informal communications with fellow employees.…”

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confidence: 99%

Community and job satisfactions: An argument for reciprocal influence based on the principle of stimulus generalization

Gavin

Montgomery

1982

American J of Comm Psychol

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The principle of stimulus generalization provided the underlying argument for a test of hypotheses regarding the association of community and job satisfactions and a critique of related theory and research. Two-stage least squares (2SLS) analysis made possible the examination of reciprocal causation, a notion inherent in the theoretical argument. Data were obtained from 276 employees of a Western U.S. coal mine as part of a work attitudes survey. The 2SLS analysis indicated a significant impact of community satisfaction on job satisfaction and an effect of borderline significance of job on community satisfaction. Theory-based correlational comparisons were made on groups of employees residing in four distinct communities, high and low tenure groups, males and females, and different levels in the mine's hierarchy. The pattern of correlations was generally consistent with predictions, but significance tests for differences yielded equivocal support. When considered in the context of previous studies, the data upheld a reciprocal causal model and the explanatory principle of stimulus generalization for understanding the relation of community and job satisfactions. Sample characteristics necessitate cautious interpretation and the model per se might best be viewed as a heuristic framework for more definitive research.

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“…Past research is also characterized by having either focused on variations in patterns of leisure activities of individuals in different occupations (Burdge, 1969;Clarke, 1956;Gerstl, 1961;White, 1955), or attempted to relate specific characteristics of an individual's job to his or her choice of leisure activities (Hagedorn and Labovitz, 1968;Meissner, 1971;Parker, 1971). The spillover and compensatory models generally were used to interpret the results of this research.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For each organization, the respondent checked whether they (1) were members, (2) attended meetings, (3) made financial contributions, (4) were membersof committees, or (5) held offices or chaired committees. This version of the scale was similar to that used by Hagedorn and Labovitz (1968). The scoring procedure described by Chapin (1955) was used to derive an overall Social Participation Score for each individual.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceptions of Work and Nonwork

Champoux

1978

Sociology of Work and Occupations

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A sample of 178 individuals was asked to describe their work experiences, nonwork experiences, and their self-concept using the same set of 25 semantic differential scales. The same individuals also provided information regarding some limited aspects of their nonwork behavior. Comparisons of the semantic differential descriptions permitted each individual to be classified into one of the following four types: Spillover- Work-oriented, Spillover-Nonwork-oriented, Compensatory-Work-oriented, and Compensatory-Nonwork-oriented. Analysis of the content of the descriptions revealed that spillover individuals of both types described their work and nonwork experiences in positive terms. Compensatory individuals, however, showed sharp contrasts. Those who were work-oriented appeared to compensate for the level of variety, creativity, and challenge of their work by choosing nonwork activities with less of these characteristics. Compensatory-Nonwork-oriented individuals, however, compensated in the opposite direction and appeared to be actively making up for deprivations at work in their choice of nonwork activities.

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Participation in Community Associations by Occupation: A Test of Three Theories

Cited by 32 publications

References 1 publication

Dominant Statuses and Involvement in Formal Voluntary Associations

Dominant Statuses and Involvement in Formal Voluntary Associations

Community and job satisfactions: An argument for reciprocal influence based on the principle of stimulus generalization

Perceptions of Work and Nonwork

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