Participation in War-Zone Atrocities and Trait Dissociation Among Vietnam Veterans with Combat-Related Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Schapiro, Jack A.; Glynn, Shirley M.; Foy, David W.; Yavorsky, Christian

doi:10.1300/j229v03n02_07

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…They conclude, however, that there is little empirical evidence to suggest that this model is correct. Rather, our results are consistent with the literature that strongly suggests that PTSD and dissociation are related (e.g., Schapiro et al, 2002).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

The relations between posttraumatic stress disorder and persistent dissociation among ex-prisoners of war: A longitudinal study.

Zerach¹,

Greene²,

Ginzburg³

et al. 2014

Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy

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To date, there are no empirical studies assessing the impact of war captivity on persistent dissociation (PD) and the longitudinal relations between captivity stressors, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and PD. The current study included two groups of male Israeli veterans from the 1973 Yom Kippur War: ex-prisoners of war (ex-POWs) and comparable veterans who were not taken captive. Both groups were assessed via self-report measures at three time points: T1 18 (1991), T2 30 (2003), and T3 35 (2008) years after the war. Results show that ex-POWs with PTSD reported higher levels of PD compared with ex-POWs and comparison non-POW veterans without PTSD at T3. Furthermore, PTSD symptoms at T1, T2, and T3 mediated the association between captivity and PD at T3. Loss of emotional control and detachment reactions to captivity, as well as posttraumatic intrusion symptoms, were associated with PD. Theoretical and clinical implications of these results are discussed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

The relations between posttraumatic stress disorder and persistent dissociation among ex-prisoners of war: A longitudinal study.

Zerach¹,

Greene²,

Ginzburg³

et al. 2014

Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy

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show abstract

“…Finally, one study reported a link between dissociation and violence that may be indicative of either trauma-driven violence or violencecaused dissociation. Schapiro, Glynn, Foy, and Yavorsky (2002) found Vietnam veterans who participated in war-zone atrocities to have significantly higher levels of trait dissociation, when assessed some years later, than those who had not participated in atrocities. The veterans were not asked about dissociative experiences at the time of the atrocities.…”

Section: Transient Depersonalization During Violent Episodesmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…The first is that, across a wide range of populations, increased dissociation scores or diagnoses are associated with increased violence. Dissociation predicts either the likelihood or the severity of violence among the following groups: college students (Narang & Contreras, 2000), young mothers abused as children (Egeland & Susman-Stillman, 1996;Narang, 2002), Vietnam veterans (Schapiro et al, 2002), psychiatric inpatients (Quimby & Putnam, 1991) and outpatients (Kaplan et al, 1998), and sexual (Bourget & Bradford, 1995), domestic violence , and homicide offenders (Taylor & Kopelman, 1984). Such a consistency of results across such a wide range of populations speaks to the robustness of this finding.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As the study was retrospective, the authors were unable to conclude whether the dissociative symptoms preceded the atrocities or not but noted that preexisting factors, such as combat exposure and childhood abuse, did not correlate with dissociation levels. Partly as a result of this, Schapiro et al (2002) appeared to conclude that the high levels of trait dissociation observed were more likely to have resulted from participation in the atrocities, rather than being a possible cause of them.…”

Section: Transient Depersonalization During Violent Episodesmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Dissociation and Violence

Moskowitz

2004

Trauma, Violence, & Abuse

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Violent acts are sometimes committed by people who do not normally appear violent or aggressive. This simple observation and others have led some to speculate about a relationship between dissociation and violence. However, no systematic review of the literature has so far been published. To address this gap, studies assessing the prevalence of dissociation among violent individuals, and violence among highly dissociative persons, are reviewed. Possible links between dissociation and violent behavior are explored. It is concluded that dissociation predicts violence in a wide range of populations and may be crucial to an understanding of violent behavior. There is a clear need, however, for large scale, well-designed studies using reliable structured instruments in a number of areas reviewed. Recommendations for clinical applications include the routine screening of offenders for dissociative disorders and adequate consideration of dissociation and dissociative disorders in the development and implementation of violence treatment and prevention programs.

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“…A further finding was the presence of high levels of dissociation in these soldiers. Indeed, following extreme violence toward civilians, dissociation may set in (Schapiro, Glynn, Foy, & Yavorsky, 2002), possibly as a defense mechanism, but also as a factor that may put individuals at risk of developing posttraumatic symptomatology. Alternatively, it is also possible that dissociation and posttraumatic symptomatology are a produce of acting in or witnessing gratuitous violent behavior.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soldiers perpetrating or witnessing acts of humiliation: A community-based random sample study design.

Gelkopf¹,

Berger²,

Roe³

2016

Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology

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Where soldiering activities include administrating civilians, humiliating behaviors may become commonplace. Our goal was to assess frequency and correlates of Israeli soldiers witnessing or committing humiliating behaviors toward the civilian Palestinian population (CPP). Results indicate that among veterans, 17.4% of men and 10.2% of women (n ϭ 151) had either participated or witnessed the degradation of CPP. Posttraumatic stress, dissociation, previous aggression against CPP, combat experience against Palestinians, and current reserve duty service predicted witnessing or participation in humiliating civilians. The study questions the ability of the Israeli army to refrain from inhumane behavior against civilians and suggests means to eradicate such behaviors.

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Participation in War-Zone Atrocities and Trait Dissociation Among Vietnam Veterans with Combat-Related Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Cited by 8 publications

References 15 publications

The relations between posttraumatic stress disorder and persistent dissociation among ex-prisoners of war: A longitudinal study.

The relations between posttraumatic stress disorder and persistent dissociation among ex-prisoners of war: A longitudinal study.

Dissociation and Violence

Soldiers perpetrating or witnessing acts of humiliation: A community-based random sample study design.

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