This chapter examines the governance of the regulation of armed conflict and the central role played by international humanitarian law (IHL) and the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC). Historically, states and non-state actors have tried to regulate armed conflict through various means, but with the adoption of the first Geneva Convention in 1864 law became a critical element. In brief, IHL is a "set of rules that seek to limit the effects of armed conflict[,] protect[ing] people who are not or are no longer participating in hostilities and restrict[ing] the means and methods of warfare." 1 The modern governance of the regulation of armed conflicts begins in 1863 with the creation of what was to become the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), a private Swiss initiative led by Henry Dunant who mobilized states to adopt the first Geneva Convention the following year. States endorsed Henry Dunant's vision of an international binding legal framework accompanied with a network of neutral, impartial, and independent actors (originally the National Societies of the Red Cross) to assist the wounded on the battlefields. This led to a model with states as the law-makers and duty-bearers of IHL, the ICRC as a guardian and promoter of IHL, and a network of National Societies tasked to support their states in the implementation and promotion of IHL. As such the original mode of governance was a combination of hierarchy and network with several actors including the ICRC and National Societies supporting states and each other in the application and promotion of the existing rules. And this arrangement has largely stayed in place ever since.This makes the ICRC quite unusual when situated against the other chapters. It indeed has a somewhat unusual status and is a different kind of creature in comparison to other actors in this volume. Although itThe views expressed in this chapter are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the ICRC. The authors would like to thank Michael Barnett for his advice and Saman Rejali for her support in the drafting of this chapter. 1 ICRC 2018b.