“…In teacher-directed learning, the decisions about content, goals, assessment and learning strategies are the responsibility of the teacher and the student is supposed to follow instructions from the teacher, whereas in SDL, decisions about these processes rest with the learner (Gibbons 2002). This transformation involves transforming the assessment from focusing on memorisation and reproduction of facts with feedback focused on giving correct answers to participative active assessments where students actively reflect on individual and peer assessment practices (Lubbe and Mentz 2019;Jennifer 2013). The replacement of teachers as main presenters of content with technology was predicted a while ago, and this is nowadays seen during the COVID-19 pandemic where different institutions present content on online learning platforms (Gibbons 2002).…”