Particle accumulation in the lung as a possible factor in the aetiology of lung cancer

Blenkinsopp, W. K.

doi:10.1002/path.1700960206

Cited by 6 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 13 publications

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“…However, we point out that mechanisms other than particle-enhanced transport may be operative in particle-PAH cocarcinogenesis. These mecha- nisms include (1) tissue damage caused by smoking (Auerbach et al, 1961) or by the inhaled particles, (2) inhibited clearance of smoke particles resulting from the presence of inhaled mineral particulates (Blenkinsopp, 1968;Ferin & Leach, 1976), and (3) altered metabolic profiles of the PAH in the presence of particulates. However, the known cocarcinogenic effects of particles and PAH which are observed in experimental animals correlate well with the microsomal availabilities described in this paper.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of asbestos, iron oxide, silica, and carbon black on the microsomal availability of benzo[a]pyrene

Lakowicz¹,

Bevan²

1979

Biochemistry

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Particulate matter and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons are known to be cocarcinogenic. Using fluorescence spectroscopy, we determined that adsorption of benzoic] pyrene (BP) to iron oxide, silica, and asbestos (anthophyllite and Canadian chrysotile) results in a greatly enhanced rate of BP uptake into rat liver microsomes when compared to uptake from aqueous dispersions of BP microcrystals. Simple mixtures of BP microcrystals and particulates do not display enhanced microsomal uptake rates, an observation which indicates that adsorption of BP to the surface of the particle is necessary for enhanced microsomal uptake. BP was not released into microsomes from carbon black. Most importantly, the data indicate that asbestos particles are more effective than silica and iron oxide in enhancing the microsomal availability of BP. These observations suggest that particles, and especially the fibrous mineral particulates, could be cocarcinogenic as a result of their ability to adsorb polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons and to transport these carcinogens into cells. Except for chrysotile, the particles did not disrupt microsomal integrity as determined by NADPH-dependent lipid peroxidation activity. Binding of the microsomes to the particles did not affect the BP uptake rates. In addition, these BP uptake rates were independent of both the concentrations of microsomes and of particles. These observations are consistent with the mechanism of particle-enhanced transport being an increased rate of BP solubilization from the adsorbed state into the aqueous phase, followed by rapid partitioning of BP into the microsomal membranes. Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH)1 are known human and animal carcinogens, and carcinogenesis by these compounds requires metabolic activation (Heidelberger, 1975;Sims & Grover, 1974). This activation occurs in the microsomal fraction of cells (Sims et al., 1974; Yang et al., 1977). Inhaled and instilled particulate matter is known to increase the carcinogenic potency of the PAH in lung tissue. For example, intratracheal instillation of benzo [a] pyrene (BP)results in only a low incidence of lung cancer (Saffiotti et al., 1965) unless particulates are also instilled. The known cocarcinogenic particulates include hematite or iron oxide (Saffiotti et al., 1968), asbestos (Pylev & Shabad, 1973), aluminum and titanium oxide (Stenback et al., 1976), and India ink (Pylev, 1961). In humans, cigarette smoking and asbestos inhalation are known to be highly cocarcinogenic (Selikoff et al.,

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of asbestos, iron oxide, silica, and carbon black on the microsomal availability of benzo[a]pyrene

Lakowicz¹,

Bevan²

1979

Biochemistry

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Carbon Black

McCunney¹,

Muranko²,

Valberg³

2001

Patty's Toxicology

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Carbon black is a powdered form of elemental carbon in the form of near‐spherical colloidal particles and coalesced particle aggregates of colloidal size, obtained by partial combustion or thermal decomposition of hydrocarbons. It is distinguishable from other commercial carbons, such as charcoal, by its fine particulate nature and the shape, structure, and degree of fusion of the particles observed with the electron microscope. The fundamental unit of a carbon black particle is the aggregate. Although carbon black is often equated with soot, it differs markedly from the unwanted, uncontrolled by‐products of combustion found in chimneys and the ambient air. The contrast between carbon blacks, soots, and diesel particulate is discussed in more detail in the following. Carbon black is the earliest known synthetic pigment, having been produced by the Chinese more than 1500 years ago. They made the ink pigment lampblack by burning purified animal or vegetable oils in small lamps with the flames impinging on cool porcelain surfaces on which the carbon black collected. Carbon black has been commercially produced in the United States for more than 100 years. Although it is still used as a pigment in printing inks, paints, and lacquers, its major use over the past 50 years has been as a reinforcing agent in rubber, particularly in tires. It is also used in plastics, to which it imparts weathering resistance, antistatic, and electrically conductive properties.

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Carbon Black

Rivin¹

1986

Anthropogenic Compounds

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Particle accumulation in the lung as a possible factor in the aetiology of lung cancer

Cited by 6 publications

References 13 publications

Effects of asbestos, iron oxide, silica, and carbon black on the microsomal availability of benzo[a]pyrene

Effects of asbestos, iron oxide, silica, and carbon black on the microsomal availability of benzo[a]pyrene

Carbon Black

Carbon Black

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