“…Doubleplasma devices are far from being understood, although there exists an extensive body of empirical data on the behavior of the main plasma parameters as functions of the external conditions. The latter are, e.g., the wall geometry and surface conditions [2], effects of mechanical and electrical supports and additional electrodes [5], probes [6], additional wire grids for electron heating [7], electrostatic confinement grids [8], the filament cathode arrangement and temperature [2], the ionizing electron beam energy, the magnetic cusp geometry [3,9] and magnetic field strength [10], effects of secondary electrons emitted from the walls [11] and other supplementary electron beams [12,13,14], the type of the gas used [3], etc.…”