Particle characterization and behavior relevant to fluidized bed combustion and gasification systems

Wang, D.; Fan, Liang‐Shih

doi:10.1533/9780857098801.1.42

Cited by 44 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(27 reference statements)

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“…The volume of each coralline algal thallus sampled for biodiversity was measured via liquid displacement. Sphericity ( ψ ) [29] was determined by measuring the x , y and z axes using digital calipers (±0.01 mm resolution, FisherScientific) [30]. Due to the destructive nature of biodiversity assessment (below), surface complexity could not be conducted on the same samples.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecosystem engineer morphological traits and taxon identity shape biodiversity across the euphotic–mesophotic transition

Voerman

Marsh

Bahia³

et al. 2022

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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The euphotic–mesophotic transition is characterized by dramatic changes in environmental conditions, which can significantly alter the functioning of ecosystem engineers and the structure of their associated communities. However, the drivers of biodiversity change across the euphotic–mesophotic transition remain unclear. Here, we investigated the mechanisms affecting the biodiversity-supporting potential of free-living red coralline algae—globally important habitat creators—towards mesophotic depths. Across a 73 m depth gradient, we observed a general decline in macrofaunal biodiversity (fauna abundance, taxon richness and alpha diversity), but an increase in beta-diversity (i.e. variation between assemblages) at the deepest site (86 m depth, where light levels were less than 1% surface irradiance). We identified a gradient in abundance decline rather than distinct ecological shifts, driven by a complex interaction between declining light availability, declining size of the coralline algal host individuals and a changing host taxonomy. However, despite abundance declines, high between-assemblage variability at deeper depths allowed biodiversity-supporting potential to be maintained, highlighting their importance as coastal refugia.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecosystem engineer morphological traits and taxon identity shape biodiversity across the euphotic–mesophotic transition

Voerman

Marsh

Bahia³

et al. 2022

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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“…As shown in Equation ( 2), droplets can be defined by Sauter Mean Diameter (SMD), which means the diameter of a sphere that has the same volume-surface area ratio as a droplet of investigation [36].…”

Section: Microscopic Spray Characteristics Testbed and Test Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimising microscopic spray characteristics and particle emissions in a dual-injection spark ignition (SI) engine by changing GDI injection pressure

Pei

et al. 2022

International Journal of Engine Research

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Regarding reducing particle emissions from dual-injection spark ignition engines, most of the existing research focused on the benefits of using alcohol fuels. However, a comprehensive study of the effects of fuel injection pressure on microscopic spray characteristics and particle emissions in dual-injection spark ignition engines fuelled with gasoline has not been reported before. In this paper, with the assistance of phase Doppler particles analyser system and fast particle analyser, a study of optimising microscopic spray characteristics and particle emissions in a dual-injection spark ignition engine fuelled with gasoline by changing GDI injection pressure was conducted. The results show that by increasing injection pressure from 5.5 to 18 MPa, both normal and tangential components of droplet velocity increase, but the possibility of spray impingement would not increase a lot. Higher injection pressure would increase the probability of small droplets, and more droplets would collapse with a mode of continuous ripping or break down abruptly. From jet’s central axis to sides, Sauter mean diameter increases first, then reduces outside the spray boundary. Increasing injection pressure from 5.5 to 18 MPa reduces total particle number concentration, which is 53.98% and 45.44% at 2 bar and 10 bar, respectively. Meanwhile, the peak of particle number distribution curve decreases from 3.01 × 106 to 1.43 × 106 at 2 bar, whilst reducing from 1.08 × 106 to 5.33 × 105 at 10 bar. Overall, this paper comprehensively analyses the effects of fuel injection pressure on microscopic spray characteristics and particle emissions, whilst offering a practical approach to reduce particle emissions in dual-injection SI engines fuelled with gasoline.

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“…which corresponds here to Ra , the mean of the area-weighted radius distribution f a (R). It is widely used for applications where the active surface area is relevant, such as catalysis and combustion of liquid sprays [43]. Its definition is proportional to the ratio of the average volume E n [V ] to the average surface area E n [A]-it corresponds to the radius of a particle that has the same surface-area-to-volume ratio as the PSD [22].…”

Section: Single Particle Models (Spms)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…and corresponds here to Rv , the mean of the volume-weighted radius distribution f v (R). It is used when the bulk volume is considered more relevant, used also for combustion [43]. Typically R[4, 3] > R [3,2], i.e., Rv > Ra , and so an SPM of radius Rv has a lower surface area than the PSD (see (3.4)).…”

Section: Single Particle Models (Spms)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling electrode heterogeneity in lithium-ion batteries: unimodal and bimodal particle-size distributions

Kirk,

Evans,

Please

et al. 2020

Preprint

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In mathematical models of lithium-ion batteries, the highly heterogeneous porous electrodes are frequently approximated as comprising spherical particles of uniform size, leading to the commonly-used single-particle model (SPM) when transport in the electrolyte is assumed to be fast. Here electrode heterogeneity is modelled by extending this to a distribution of particle sizes. Unimodal and bimodal particle-size distributions (PSD) are considered. For a unimodal PSD, the effect of the spread of the distribution on the cell dynamics is investigated, and choice of effective particle radius when approximating by an SPM assessed. Asymptotic techniques are used to derive a correction to the SPM valid for narrow, but realistic, PSDs. In addition, it is shown that the heterogeneous internal states of all particles (relevant when modelling degradation, for example) can be efficiently computed after-the-fact. For a bimodal PSD, the results are well approximated by a double-particle model (DPM), with one size representing each mode. Results for lithium iron phosphate with a bimodal PSD show that the DPM captures an experimentally-observed doubleplateau in the discharge curve, suggesting it is entirely due to bimodality.

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Particle characterization and behavior relevant to fluidized bed combustion and gasification systems

Cited by 44 publications

References 24 publications

Ecosystem engineer morphological traits and taxon identity shape biodiversity across the euphotic–mesophotic transition

Ecosystem engineer morphological traits and taxon identity shape biodiversity across the euphotic–mesophotic transition

Optimising microscopic spray characteristics and particle emissions in a dual-injection spark ignition (SI) engine by changing GDI injection pressure

Modelling electrode heterogeneity in lithium-ion batteries: unimodal and bimodal particle-size distributions

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