Particle charge in combustion aerosols

Burtscher, H.; Reis, Ana Carla Bittencourt; Schmidt‐Ott, A.

doi:10.1016/0021-8502(86)90005-4

Cited by 29 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The order of magnitude decrease in a for Douglas Fir from 3.07 to 0.31 x lo8, accompanying the transition from flaming to non-flaming combustion mode, suggests a large charge fraction in non-flaming wood smoke aerosols. This is supported by the 0.5 to 0.8 equilibrium charge fraction reported for smoke from smoldering wood fires [8] and is compatible with general ionization detector experience showing insensitivity to non-flaming fires such as from wood 191.…”

Section: Results and Analysissupporting

confidence: 67%

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Modified Theory For The Characterization Of Ionization Smoke Detectors

Newman¹

1994

Fire Saf. Sci.

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Ionization detectors have been characterized using a modified theory which includes a soot particle charge fraction functionality in addition to the generally accepted particle size and number density dependence. A sensitivity factor has been determined which, for a given detector, is influenced by both the fire combustion mode and fuel source. This factor decreases as the fuel bond unsaturation and aromaticity increases and can be predicted from the soot yield for flaming fires. An order of magnitude increase in sensitivity factor for wood accompanies the transition from non-flaming to flaming combustion mode and suggests a large charge fraction in non-flaming wood smoke aerosols. This result is similar to that found in flaming aromatics such as polystyrene, and is consistent with the general ionization detector experience showing an insensitivity to non-flaming fires.

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Section: Results and Analysissupporting

confidence: 67%

“…Previous work [8] has measured the fraction of charged particles produced by the combustion of a number of materials, and has shown that particle charge depends strongly on the material burned. For example, flaming wood and heptane were shown to have a charge fraction, X,, of 0.20, while 0.80 was found for flaming polyurethane.…”

Section: Results and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Modified Theory For The Characterization Of Ionization Smoke Detectors

Newman¹

1994

Fire Saf. Sci.

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“…It was further noted that Burtscher et al [1] observed a much higher initial fraction (70%) of charged smoke particles for heptane/toluene fires than for smoldering wood fires (10-25%).…”

Section: Summary Of Initial Observations and A Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 95%

“…As part of this investigation it was learned that the Type A detectors used an antistatic ABS for the smoke chamber components whereas the Type B detectors used a non-antistatic ABS. Furthermore, it was learned that Burtscher et al [1] observed a much higher initial fraction (70%) of charged smoke particles for heptane/toluene fires than for smoldering wood fires (10-25%). Based on the results of the experiments and these additional facts, it was determined that the specific cause of the anomalous behavior of the Type B detectors was the use * Correspondence should be addressed to: J. R. Qualey III, E-mail: jrqiii@gis.net 216 Fire Technology 2005 of a non-antistatic material for their smoke chamber components.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Smoke Detector Response and the Use of Antistatic Materials: An Empirical Study

Qualey¹,

Penney²

2005

Fire Technol

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Fire test comparisons of two different photoelectric smoke detector models were conducted using UL 268-type fire tests. Significant differences were observed in how the two smoke detector models responded to black smoke from flammable liquid fire tests, particularly during the post-flaming phase of the test. It was found that these differences were due to the fact that the smoke chamber of one smoke detector design used an antistatic ABS and the other smoke detector design used a non-antistatic ABS for its smoke chamber.

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“…Soot particles themselves may be originally charged, especially if they are formed through the "ionic route", (Fialkov, 1997) but they may also gain a net charge through ion-attachment. Measurements indicate that in the hottest zone, soot particles may be charged according to equilibrium, (see, for example, Lawton and Weinberg, 1969) but this is not always the case and the initial particle charge seems to depend upon the material burnt (Burtscher et al, 1986). It is interesting to note that the net charge of soot particles in flames was found to be positive (Onischuk et al, 2001) even in the flame region where a large excess of electrons exists.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Emission of ions and charged soot particles by aircraft engines

2003

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Abstract. In this article, a model which examines the formation and evolution of chemiions in an aircraft engine is proposed. This model which includes chemiionisation, electron thermo-emission, electron attachment to soot particles and to neutral molecules, electron-ion and ion-ion recombination, ion-soot interaction, allows the determination of the ion concentration at the exit of the combustor and at the nozzle exit of the engine. It also allows the determination of the charge of the soot particles. For the engine considered, the upper limit for the ion emission index EI i is of the order of (2 − 5) × 10 16 ions/kg-fuel if ion-soot interactions are ignored and the introduction of ion-soot interactions lead about to a 50 % reduction. The results also show that most of the soot particles are either positively or negatively charged, the remaining neutral particles representing approximately 20% of the total particles. A comparison of the model results with the available ground-based experimental data obtained on the ATTAS research aircraft engines during the SULFUR experiments shows an excellent agreement.

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Particle charge in combustion aerosols

Cited by 29 publications

References 5 publications

Modified Theory For The Characterization Of Ionization Smoke Detectors

Modified Theory For The Characterization Of Ionization Smoke Detectors

Smoke Detector Response and the Use of Antistatic Materials: An Empirical Study

Emission of ions and charged soot particles by aircraft engines

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