Particle condensation in the vapor emitted by a heated source

An algorithm for semi-empirical design of nucleation rate surface

“…At the present time, these experimental results have yet to be fully interpreted. One can definitely see a reasonable agreement in the experimental results by Buckle et al [10] with the nucleation rate surface topology represented in Fig. 1.…”

“…1. The experimental evidence of that kind of phase behavior can be found in the article by Buckle et al [10]. These authors have measured, very carefully, the particle size distributions for Mg aerosols condensed in the plume chamber at the constant nucleation temperature for the various partial pressures of magnesium.…”

“…1 (Mg vapor saturation temperature 1200 K). Buckle et al [10] have found that the liquid particle mode becomes stronger for saturation temperatures higher than 1200 K (saturation temperature 1263 K). At the present time, these experimental results have yet to be fully interpreted.…”

On the Formation and On the Surface of Inorganic Lead, Barium and Antimony Based Gunshot Residues: A Thermodynamic Approach

“…Kuo, Moore & Ghent [29] provided temporal trends ( Figure 3) of the pressure that developed in a confined location next to the flash hole (a control chamber incorporating a piezometric transducer and where condensed matter was collected) and established that, in such an environment, ~40% of the combustion products were in the condensed phase. Furthermore, in the time required for the primer mix to combust, estimated to about 100 microseconds, pressures of about 300 Atm (30MPa) and temperatures of 2900 °K were measured in the control chamber next the flash hole: please note that pressures of about 300 Atm (30 MPa) isn't the pressures inside the pocket but this phenomenon is due to multiple wave reflections within the control chamber.…”

“…The apparatus used in previous studies are vented bombs. Specially designed calorimetric bombs used in a number of studies [23,24,26,29] to measure the heat generated by these processes allow the gases to escape from an orifice during the primer degradation, minimizing the loss of heat due to conduction within the given time intervals involved. This circumstance allows the reliable measurement of thermodynamic parameters such as pressure and temperature.…”