Particle deposition and resistance in the noses of adults and children

Becquemin, M.H.; Swift, David L.; Bouchikhi, A.; Roy, M.; Teillac, A

doi:10.1183/09031936.93.04060694

Cited by 106 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…However, the feasibility of nasal breathing during exercise should first be considered. Healthy adults spontaneously switch from nasal to oronasal breathing at minute ventilations of 35-45 L‧min −1 (Niinimaa et al 1980;Becquemin et al 1991;Bennett et al 2003). Moreover, without prior habituation, healthy adults can only maintain nasal breathing up to ~ 80% VO 2 max (LaComb et al 2017).…”

Section: Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Distinguishing science from pseudoscience in commercial respiratory interventions: an evidence-based guide for health and exercise professionals

et al. 2023

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Respiratory function has become a global health priority. Not only is chronic respiratory disease a leading cause of worldwide morbidity and mortality, but the COVID-19 pandemic has heightened attention on respiratory health and the means of enhancing it. Subsequently, and inevitably, the respiratory system has become a target of the multi-trillion-dollar health and wellness industry. Numerous commercial, respiratory-related interventions are now coupled to therapeutic and/or ergogenic claims that vary in their plausibility: from the reasonable to the absurd. Moreover, legitimate and illegitimate claims are often conflated in a wellness space that lacks regulation. The abundance of interventions, the range of potential therapeutic targets in the respiratory system, and the wealth of research that varies in quality, all confound the ability for health and exercise professionals to make informed risk-to-benefit assessments with their patients and clients. This review focuses on numerous commercial interventions that purport to improve respiratory health, including nasal dilators, nasal breathing, and systematized breathing interventions (such as pursed-lips breathing), respiratory muscle training, canned oxygen, nutritional supplements, and inhaled l-menthol. For each intervention we describe the premise, examine the plausibility, and systematically contrast commercial claims against the published literature. The overarching aim is to assist health and exercise professionals to distinguish science from pseudoscience and make pragmatic and safe risk-to-benefit decisions.

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Section: Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Distinguishing science from pseudoscience in commercial respiratory interventions: an evidence-based guide for health and exercise professionals

et al. 2023

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“…This difference can be attributed to the lower deposition in the head for children shown in Supporting Information, Figure S5, allowing more coarse PM to flow into the TB and P regions. Becquemin et al (1991) studied the deposition fractions of size‐segregated PM in the heads of people of different ages using simulation experiments. The results showed that smaller nasal morphology in children did not lead to a greater extrathoracic deposition efficiency.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Size Distributions and Health Risks of Particulate Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Atmosphere at Coastal Areas in Ningbo, China

Wang,

Shi,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Most current research focusing on the health risk assessments of particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have not analyzed the size distributions and human respiratory deposition rates. In the present study, size‐separated particulate matter (PM) was collected in the coastal area of Ningbo using an Anderson eight‐stage air sampler over a 1‐year period (2014–2015). The 16 US Environmental Protection Agency priority PAHs associated with PM were pretreated with rapid solvent extraction and analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The respiratory exposure assessment was determined using the multiple‐path particle dosimetry (MPPD) model. The results show that all PAHs exhibited bimodal distribution with one mode peak in accumulation mode (0.43–0.65 µm) and another mode peak in coarse mode (4.7–5.8 µm). In addition, a low coefficient of divergence of PAHs between PM2.1 and PM2.1−10 indicated a high spatial heterogeneity in source factor contribution and formation mechanism. The deposition fluxes (tracheobronchial + pulmonary) of PM were highest for children in the size range of 3.3 µm < particle diameter (Dp) < 9 µm, while for males and females the highest fluxes occurred in the size range of 1.1 µm < Dp < 2.1 µm. The depositions of coarse PM in children were significantly higher than those in adults. The benzo[a]pyrene equivalent (BaPeq) depositions of dibenz[a,h]anthracene ranged from 1.4e‐04 to 0.015 ng h−1, which were highest among the PAHs. The PAHs on particles with Dp >4.7 µm contributed approximately three times more to children than to males and females. Therefore, the toxicity of coarse PM to children needed attention. The incremental lifetime cancer risks (ILCR) for children, males, and females were estimated to be 2.92 × 10−7, 1.82 × 10−7, and 2.38 × 10−7, respectively, which were below the cancer risk guideline value (10−6). These ILCR values were much lower than the risks calculated without considering particle size distributions and respiratory depositions. The combination of the size‐segregated sampling technique and the MPPD model can effectively avoid the overestimation of human respiratory exposure. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;00:1–14. © 2024 SETAC

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“…For application in pediatrics, one needs to consider several developmental factors affecting heat exchange. As the nose enlarges during development, nasal turbinate surface area increases and nasal airway resistance decreases 29 to match the age-dependent increase in basal minute ventilation and the dynamic range required for high levels of exercise as children gain increased mobility. However, neonates and infants do not require such a large dynamic range of humidification capacity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid, selective and homogeneous brain cooling with transnasal flow of ambient air for pediatric resuscitation

Koehler

Reyes

Hopkins

et al. 2023

J Cereb Blood Flow Metab

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Neurologic outcome from out-of-hospital pediatric cardiac arrest remains poor. Although therapeutic hypothermia has been attempted in this patient population, a beneficial effect has yet to be demonstrated, possibly because of the delay in achieving target temperature. To minimize this delay, we developed a simple technique of transnasal cooling. Air at ambient temperature is passed through standard nasal cannula with an open mouth to produce evaporative cooling of the nasal passages. We evaluated efficacy of brain cooling with different airflows in different size piglets. Brain temperature decreased by 3°C within 25 minutes with nasal airflow rates of 16, 32, and 16 L/min in 1.8-, 4-, and 15-kg piglets, respectively, whereas rectal temperature lagged brain temperature. No substantial spatial temperature gradients were seen along the neuroaxis, suggesting that heat transfer is via blood convection. The evaporative cooling did not reduce nasal turbinate blood flow or sagittal sinus oxygenation. The rapid and selective brain cooling indicates a high humidifying capacity of the nasal turbinates is present early in life. Because of its simplicity, portability, and low cost, transnasal cooling potentially could be deployed in the field for early initiation of brain cooling prior to maintenance with standard surface cooling after pediatric cardiac arrest.

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Particle deposition and resistance in the noses of adults and children

Cited by 106 publications

References 17 publications

Distinguishing science from pseudoscience in commercial respiratory interventions: an evidence-based guide for health and exercise professionals

Distinguishing science from pseudoscience in commercial respiratory interventions: an evidence-based guide for health and exercise professionals

Size Distributions and Health Risks of Particulate Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Atmosphere at Coastal Areas in Ningbo, China

Rapid, selective and homogeneous brain cooling with transnasal flow of ambient air for pediatric resuscitation

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