Particle distribution from in‐plane resin flow in a resin transfer molding process

Louis, Bryan; Maldonado, Jesus; Klunker, Florian; Ermanni, Paolo

doi:10.1002/pen.24860

Cited by 14 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…[10,39] Another reason could be the slight compaction of the yarns induced by the flow pressure and the subsequent increase of the macropore sizes. [40] obtained by Louis et al, [21] for two values of viscosity with a difference of factor 3. This could be an indication that this combination of material and process parameters used for the given experiment is not critical, and that the viscosity could have an influence on filtration at different conditions.…”

Section: Injection Pressurementioning

confidence: 95%

“…This method was used by Lefevre et al [2] for composites of synthetic fibers and ATH (Aluminum tetra-hydrate) particles. Louis et al [21] have used the same technique for quantifying the particle retention within composite parts of aramid fibers and epoxy resin loaded with silica and alumina nanoparticles. Although proven efficiency, the burn-off method exhibits some drawbacks such as being a destructive, expensive, and time-consuming test technique.…”

Section: Thermal Decompositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This confirms the previous findings which stated that the retention probability is independent of the suspension concentration. [21,38]…”

Section: Initial Concentrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1] For some RTM applications, particles are added to provide functional properties to the finished part, [2,3] such as electrical [4,5] and thermal conductivity, [6][7][8][9] flame retardancy, [8,[10][11][12] self-healing properties, [13] enhancement of mechanical properties, [14][15][16][17] and weight saving. [18][19][20] Recent developments [13,21] have introduced several methods for particle addition to composite materials such as the deposition of inclusions on the preform surface or the addition of particles to the liquid resin. In the latter method, suspensions of particles and polymer solutions are injected through the fibrous preform at imposed pressure drop or flow rate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental characterization of polydisperse particle‐loaded flow for linear resin transfer molding injections

et al. 2021

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This study investigates the experimental filtration of micron-scale particles of a wide granulometry through fibrous media. The method used examines a key parameter in the resin transfer molding process which is the spatial evolution of particulate filler concentration. Tests were carried out with three grades of ceramic microparticle suspensions dispersed in glycerol/water blends, injected into a quasi-unidirectional fibrous medium. The influence of process parameters was extensively studied through a series of experiments by varying initial concentrations of suspension, injection pressures, pure liquid viscosities, fiber volume fractions, and particle size distributions. A non-destructive, simple, economical, and rapid characterization method was used, which consisted of taking samples of suspensions at different points through the preform length and obtaining concentrations through density measurements. The evolution of granulometry from the inlet to the outlet was studied and the size range of retained particles was deduced. Tests revealed that the particle concentration decreased with increased sampling distance. Fiber content and particle size distribution were the most influential factors on filtration behavior. The analysis showed that the smaller-sized particles are largely deposited at the fiber's surface, while the average-to large-sized ones were either blocked at the inlet, transported to the outlet, or settled under gravitational forces.

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Section: Injection Pressurementioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Thermal Decompositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This confirms the previous findings which stated that the retention probability is independent of the suspension concentration. [21,38]…”

Section: Initial Concentrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental characterization of polydisperse particle‐loaded flow for linear resin transfer molding injections

et al. 2021

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“…Even over long distances no gradients in nanosilica concentrations were found (compare [ 60 ]). Louis et al thoroughly investigated an amine-cured DGEBA containing silica nanoparticles in an RTM process using a twill weave aramid textile and found no filtration to occur during the infusion process [ 61 ].…”

Section: Improving Epoxy Resin Applications With Silica Nanoparticmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanosilica-Toughened Epoxy Resins

Sprenger

2020

Polymers

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Surface-modified silica nanoparticles are available as concentrates in epoxy resins in industrial quantities for nearly 20 years. Meanwhile, they are used in many epoxy resin formulations for various applications like fiber-reinforced composites, adhesives or electronic components; even in space vehicles like satellites. Some of the drawbacks of “classic” epoxy toughening using elastomers as a second phase, like lower modulus or a loss in strength can be compensated by using nanosilica together with such tougheners. Apparently, there exists a synergy as toughness and fatigue performance are increased significantly. This work intends to provide an overview regarding the possibilities of nanotoughening with silica, the industrial applications of such epoxy resin formulations and the most recent research results.

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A thermal conductivity computation model of the carbon fiber reinforced polymer/aramid fiber reinforced polymer laminate considering the bi‐material composite interfaces

Bao

Zheng

et al. 2023

Polymer Composites

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A thermal conductivity computation model for carbon fiber reinforced polymer/aramid fiber reinforced polymer bi‐material composites was proposed, where thermal resistances of the fibers and matrix were regarded as the electrical resistances in circuit, and was validated by thermal response test with relative error less than 7.5%. After effect of thickness of the aramid fiber layer and that of heating temperature were discussed, it was applied to analyze the thermal response under the deep‐sea oil‐lifting condition. It was found that: (1) specimen with more than two layers (>0.56 mm) of aramid fibers shows better thermal insulation; (2) the higher the heating temperature is, the better the thermal insulation effect is, especially for specimens with multi‐layer aramid fibers.

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Particle distribution from in‐plane resin flow in a resin transfer molding process

Abstract: FIG. 3. Distribution of retained particles (Ret) and particles in solution (Conc) and the overall amount of particles (Ret 1 Conc) for half of the flow length (a), and full flow length (b). [Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com]

Cited by 14 publications

References 37 publications

Experimental characterization of polydisperse particle‐loaded flow for linear resin transfer molding injections

Experimental characterization of polydisperse particle‐loaded flow for linear resin transfer molding injections

Nanosilica-Toughened Epoxy Resins

A thermal conductivity computation model of the carbon fiber reinforced polymer/aramid fiber reinforced polymer laminate considering the bi‐material composite interfaces

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