Particle engineering of benzoic acid by spherical agglomeration

Particle design via spherical agglomeration: A critical review of controlling parameters, rate processes and modelling

“…The compaction process also gives the agglomerates increased compressive strength. Similar observations regarding agglomerate size, sphericity and strength with continued agitation after the completion of feeding were also reported by Thati and Rasmuson [46] in their study on the spherical agglomeration of benzoic acid. An increase in bucillamine agglomerate density with agitation time was also noted by Morishima et al [40].…”

“…Similar observations in cefotaxime sodium agglomerate size and yield with changes in temperature were also reported by Zhang et al [9]. As reported in the study by Kawashima et al [35], Thati and Rasmuson [46] also observed an increase in constituent crystal size with increasing temperature.…”

“…Within the critical BSR range, Blandin et al [39] reported that the size of the final agglomerates of salicylic acid significantly increased with increasing BSR. This finding has also been observed in studies by Subero-Couroyer et al [36], Thati and Rasmuson [37,46] and Bos and Zuiderweg [57]. It was found that increasing the BSR leads to higher agglomerate deformability.…”

“…The authors, therefore, implied that increased agglomerate collisions contribute to the agglomerate compaction process. Peña et al [59] found that a high concentration of solids did not yield efficient agglomeration, or operation, for their benzoic acid system using a continuous oscillatory flow baffled crystalliser; requiring operating conditions that significantly differed from previous benzoic acid studies in various systems to achieve spherical agglomeration [37,46,56].…”

Process Intensification through Continuous Spherical Crystallization Using a Two-Stage Mixed Suspension Mixed Product Removal (MSMPR) System

“…There has also been a wide range of studies on the physiochemical, mechanical, and micromeritic properties of the spherical agglomerates to assess the possibility of direct tableting of the agglomerates. [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] However, none of the aforementioned studies looked into the interplay between the operating conditions and the trade-off between the size distribution and properties of spherical agglomerates and the size distribution of constituting internal crystals. In almost all previous spherical crystallization systems, crystallization and 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 7 agglomeration occurred simultaneously; offering little or no control in tailoring the internal crystal size versus external agglomerate size.…”