“…Gas turbine blades operate under such extreme conditions which could lead to blade damage, resulting in catastrophic failures. Within the timescale of commissioning to overhaul, several types of blade faults can develop, including blade erosion (Mann, 1998; Metwally, 1995), fatigue (Bhaumik, 2006; Hou et al, 2002a; Tong et al, 2020), creep (Bhaumik et al, 2002; Mazur, 2005), and flutter (Meher-Homji and Gabriles, 1998; Mehdi et al, 2008). Other critical failures could also occur such as compressor fouling (Cyrus et al, 2004; Kurz, 2001; Lu et al, 2016), seal rubbing (Bentley, 1974; Yu et al, 2002), and bearing damage (Caesarendra et al, 2016; Hou et al, 2022b; Patil et al, 2020).…”