Particle filter based positioning with 3GPP-LTE in indoor environments

Gentner, Christian; Munoz, Estefania; Khider, Mohammed; Staudinger, Emanuel; Sand, Stephan; Dammann, Armin

doi:10.1109/plans.2012.6236895

Cited by 46 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…2, to describe the distributed system which takes S-bit data on every clock cycle with the index m, the GF summation of N -bit subblock sequence can be divided into S-bit wide N/S sequences as denoted in (8). By the CRC distribution law, (9) can be derived, where GF multiplication is required [6] CRC…”

Section: A Bit-position-based Algorithm (Bp-algorithm)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If the integrity of the message from SISO H0 is confirmed, decoding SISO H1 becomes unnecessary, and the energy waste associated with SISO H1 can be avoided without incurring huge latency. The proposed CRC architecture can be effectively adopted to DSP hardware implementation for the digital system design such as high-throughput filters and multipliers [9]- [11].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distributed CRC Architecture for High-Radix Parallel Turbo Decoding in LTE-Advanced Systems

Kim

Choi

Byun

et al. 2015

IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. II

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This brief presents two types of distributed cyclic redundancy check (CRC) architecture for a high-radix parallel turbo decoder in LTE/LTE-advanced communication systems. The conventional CRC architecture in the parallel turbo decoder requires both huge timing overhead and energy waste since the CRC of the message is calculated after completion of the soft-input soft-output (SISO) decoding process or concurrently with the next SISO decoding, even though the message is already confirmed for its integrity. The distributed CRC architecture proposed in this brief computes the CRC while the message is decoded separately, and it can provide the stopping signal to the decoder with negligible computing latency after completion of the SISO decoding process. The two proposed architectures are based on Galois field arithmetic and implemented in a 65-nm CMOS process where various block sizes, degrees of parallelism, and radix numbers of the high-radix SISO decoder are supported.Index Terms-Distributed cyclic redundancy check (CRC), early stopping criteria, Galois fields, parallel turbo decoder.

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Section: A Bit-position-based Algorithm (Bp-algorithm)mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Distributed CRC Architecture for High-Radix Parallel Turbo Decoding in LTE-Advanced Systems

Kim

Choi

Byun

et al. 2015

IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. II

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“…peak of 7 dB and search for any correlation peaks preceding the already detected max. peak and exceeding the threshold [18], [19]. This simple scheme discards outliers where the LOS path component has a lower amplitude than the multipath recombinations, but can also lead to new errors if the threshold value is not correctly chosen a-priori.…”

Section: Applied Estimatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Round-trip delay indoor ranging experiments with OFDM signals

Staudinger

Dammann

2014

2014 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC)

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Ranging accuracy and reliability is crucial for any cooperative-and non-cooperative positioning system indoors. State of the art systems exploit received signal strength (RSS) from WiFi devices, or ultra-wide bandwidth (UWB) timing based range estimation. RSS proved to be unreliable in rich multipath environments. UWB combats multipath at the cost of high bandwidth and specialized hardware which is not integrated in state of the art mobile radio transceivers, e.g., in mobile phones. We tackle this problem with round-trip delay (RTD) based range estimation with orthogonal frequency division multiplex (OFDM) modulated signals which are widely used in WiFi and 3GPP-LTE. In this paper, we present our measurement setup, specifically the developed prototype and two different indoor environments with varying multipath conditions. Measurements along ground truth points are collected for each environment and post-processed. We apply four different estimators, two based on cross-correlation and interpolation, and two based on Maximumlikelihood (ML) multipath estimation. Furthermore, we analyze differences for each estimator in each measurement environment. This analysis reveals that a simple correlation based estimator with interpolation and smart thresholding is sufficient and a very good trade-off between computational complexity and accuracy compared to ML multipath estimators. These indoor experiments show that our simple ranging technique is suitable for indoor distance estimation with low bandwidth, low transmit power, and can be exploited for LTE Direct with low complexity.

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“…A first arriving path detection using maximum likelihood in a correlationbased approach was discussed in [33]. A threshold-based approach was used in [26] and [35] to detect the first path. This method is computationally low-cost, but does not adapt to the environment, which causes significant errors when the noise level changes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploiting LTE Signals for Navigation: Theory to Implementation

Shamaei

Khalife

Kassas

2018

IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun.

135

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Exploiting cellular long-term evolution (LTE) downlink signals for navigation purposes is considered. First, the transmitted LTE signal model is presented and relevant positioning and timing information that can be extracted from these signals are identified. Second, a software-defined receiver (SDR) that is capable of acquiring, tracking, and producing pseudoranges from LTE signals is designed. Third, a threshold-based approach for detecting the first peak of the channel impulse response is proposed in which the threshold adapts to the environmental noise level. This method is demonstrated to be robust against noise and interference in the environment. Fourth, an approach for estimating pseudoranges of multiple base stations by tracking only one base station is proposed. Fifth, a navigation framework based on an extended Kalman filter is proposed to produce the navigation solution using the pseudorange measurements obtained by the proposed SDR. Finally, the proposed SDR is evaluated experimentally on an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and a ground vehicle. The root mean squared-error (RMSE) between the GPS navigation solution and LTE signals from three base stations produced by the proposed SDR for the UAV is shown to be 8.15 m with a standard deviation of 2.83 m. The RMSE between the GPS navigation solution and LTE signals from six base stations in a severe multipath environment for the ground vehicle is shown to be 5.80 m with a standard deviation of 3.02 m.

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Particle filter based positioning with 3GPP-LTE in indoor environments

Cited by 46 publications

References 8 publications

Distributed CRC Architecture for High-Radix Parallel Turbo Decoding in LTE-Advanced Systems

Distributed CRC Architecture for High-Radix Parallel Turbo Decoding in LTE-Advanced Systems

Round-trip delay indoor ranging experiments with OFDM signals

Exploiting LTE Signals for Navigation: Theory to Implementation

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