Particle flux across the mid-European continental margin

Antia, Avan; Bodungen, Bodo von; Peinert, Rolf

doi:10.1016/s0967-0637(99)00041-2

Cited by 72 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 42 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Conical, 0.5 m 2 aperture Kiel-type sediment traps were deployed on 3 moorings at the European continental margin at depths between 600 m and 4000 m. Details of mooring deployment and sample processing are given in Antia et al (1999). Sedimentation rates of particulate organic carbon and nitrogen (POC and PON) and particulate biogenic silica (PSi) presented here are available from the OMEX database (http://www.bodc.ac.uk/projects/omex.html).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They would also substantially decrease the estimated "lateral" or "advective" fluxes that are assumed where an increase in flux with depth is measured (e.g. Neuer et al, 1997;Antia et al, 1999) and narrow the observed discrepancy between vertical POC fluxes and sediment community carbon demand (Lampitt et al, 1995;Smith et al, 2001). Central to the need or even ability to correct for solubilization, trap collection bias or other artifacts is our confidence in the level of accuracy with which we can measure sinking fluxes and the level of accuracy that is needed for the process to be investigated.…”

Section: "Correcting" For Particle Solubilizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A number of studies have reported solubilization/degradation of organic carbon (Gardner et al, 1983;Noji et al, 1999;Honjo et al, 1995), and nitrogen (Hansell and Newton, 1994;Kähler and Bauerfeind, 2001) amino acids (Lee and Cronin, 1984;Lee et al, 1992), fatty acids (Körtzinger et al, 1994), phosphate (Knauer et al, 1984;von Bodungen et al, 1991), dissolved inorganic nitrogen (primarily ammonium, Knauer et al, 1990;von Bodungen et al, 1991), silica (von Bodungen et al, 1991Bauerfeind et al, 1997;Antia et al, 1999), metals (Knauer et al, 1984;Pohl et al, 2004) and particulate barium (Dymond and Collier, 1996). Despite finding that solubilization can account for a substantial proportion of the measured particulate flux, to date there has been no systematic analysis of the corrections that may need to be applied to arrive at values of the entire flux arriving in the trap.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Solubilization of particles in sediment traps: revising the stoichiometry of mixed layer export

Antia¹

2005

Biogeosciences

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Sinking particles, once caught in sediment trap jars, release dissolved elements into the surrounding medium through leaching from their pore fluids, chemical dissolution and the activity of free exoenzymes. This results in an increase in dissolved elements in the trap jar supernatant. Elemental fluxes as traditionally measured by sediment traps underestimate total export when this particle-associated dissolved flux is not considered. The errors introduced are variable and alter both the absolute levels of flux as well as the stoichiometry of export. These errors have been quantified and corrections applied for samples from sediment traps in the North Atlantic based on measurements of excess dissolved carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, silica and calcium in the supernatant of the collection cups. At the base of the winter mixed layer, on average 90±6% of phosphorus fluxes are found as excess phosphate whereas for carbon and nitrogen dissolved concentrations account for 30 (±8)% and 47(±11)% of total fluxes respectively. Excess dissolved silica is on average 61 (±17)% of total biogenic silica flux. Little (<10%) of calcium is solubilized. The proportion of dissolved to total flux decreases with trap deployment depth. Calculations of the C:N:P ratios for particles only are well above the Redfield ratios of 106:16:1 (Redfield et al., 1963), although the mid-water dissolved N:P and N:Si values as well as the C:N:P ratios of remineralisation along isopycnals conform to the Redfield ratios at this site. Accounting for dissolved fluxes of all these elements brings the stoichiometry of export in agreement with the Redfield Ratio and with other geochemical estimates of winter mixed layer export. A factor of 3 to 4 higher ratios of organic: inorganic carbon export also implies that the net atmospheric CO 2 sequestration by the biological pump is about 50% higher at this site when the dissolved elemental fluxes are considered. Solubilization is thus a process that should be accounted for in protocols used to measure vertical fluxes with sediment traps.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: "Correcting" For Particle Solubilizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Solubilization of particles in sediment traps: revising the stoichiometry of mixed layer export

Antia¹

2005

Biogeosciences

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Thus physical controls on the depth of the euphotic zone and surface mixed layer plus the extent of upper ocean ventilation can affect the export of particulate carbon . The extent of POC and particulate inorganic carbon (PIC) partitioning on sinking particles with depth is also critical for understanding ocean C uptake, since photosynthesis and the production of POC decreases surface ocean pCO 2 , while production of calcium carbonate (calcite and aragonite), which are the main forms of PIC, would ultimately increase pCO 2 (Holligan et al, 1993;Antia et al, 1999;Francois et al, 2002;Berelson et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

VERTIGO (VERtical Transport In the Global Ocean): A study of particle sources and flux attenuation in the North Pacific

Buesseler

Trull

Steinberg

et al. 2008

Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography

121

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The VERtical Transport In the Global Ocean (VERTIGO) study examined particle sources and fluxes through the ocean's "twilight zone" (defined here as depths below the euphotic zone to 1000 m). Interdisciplinary process studies were conducted at contrasting sites off Hawaii (ALOHA) and in the NW Pacific (K2) during 3 week occupations in 2004 and 2005, respectively. We examine in this overview paper the contrasting physical, chemical and biological settings and how these conditions impact the source characteristics of the sinking material and the transport efficiency through the twilight zone. A major finding in VERTIGO is the considerably lower transfer efficiency (T eff ) of particulate organic carbon (POC), POC flux 500 / 150 m, at ALOHA (20%) vs. K2 (50%). This efficiency is higher in the diatom-dominated setting at K2 where silica-rich particles dominate the flux at the end of a diatom bloom, and where zooplankton and their pellets are larger. At K2, the drawdown of macronutrients is used to assess export and suggests that shallow remineralization above our 150 m trap is significant, especially for N relative to Si. We explore here also surface export ratios (POC flux/primary production) and possible reasons why this ratio is higher at K2, especially during the first trap deployment. When we compare the 500 m fluxes to deep moored traps, both sites lose about half of the sinking POC by >4000 m, but this comparison is limited in that fluxes at depth may have both a local and distant component.Certainly, the greatest difference in particle flux attenuation is in the mesopelagic, and we highlight other VERTIGO papers that provide a more detailed examination of the particle sources, flux and processes that attenuate the flux of sinking particles. Ultimately, we contend that at least three types of processes need to be considered: heterotrophic degradation of sinking particles, zooplankton migration and surface feeding, and lateral sources of suspended and sinking materials. We have evidence that all of these processes impacted the net attenuation of particle flux vs. depth measured in VERTIGO and would therefore need to be considered and quantified in order to understand the magnitude and efficiency of the ocean's biological pump.

show abstract

“…The vertical fluxes of various particulate components have been estimated using sediment traps (Antia et al, 1999;McCave et al, 2001), deployed across the slope in the Goban Spur area (see Fig. 1).…”

Section: Vertical Fluxesmentioning

confidence: 99%