Particle growth behavior of carbon-supported Pt, Ru, PtRu catalysts prepared by an impregnation reductive-pyrolysis method for direct methanol fuel cell anodes

Kawaguchi, Tomoyuki; Sugimoto, Wataru; Murakami, Yasushi; Takasu, Yoshio

doi:10.1016/j.jcat.2004.10.020

Cited by 98 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 53 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…26,27 In a typical procedure, carbon black ͑Vulcan XC-72R, 254 m 2 g −1 ͒ was added to 1-butanol solutions of H 2 PtCl 6 ·6H 2 O, RuCl 3 ·nH 2 O, and H 2 IrCl 6 ·nH 2 O. After thoroughly mixing the precursor solution, the solution was dried at 60°C to a powder state.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activity and Durability of Ternary PtRuIr∕C for Methanol Electro-oxidation

Geng¹,

Matsuki²,

Wang³

et al. 2009

J. Electrochem. Soc.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Carbon supported Pt 1 Ru 1 Ir x ͑0 ഛ x ഛ 2͒ nanoparticles were prepared by a coimpregnation reductive pyrolysis method and their electrocatalytic activity toward methanol electro-oxidation at 25, 40, and 60°C was investigated. The mass activity ͑current normalized by the mass of Pt͒ for methanol electro-oxidation increased as a function of Ir content and cell temperature. Despite the increase in methanol electro-oxidation activity, the addition of Ir does not affect the CO tolerance of the ternary electrocatalyst. The addition of Ir also enhances the durability of the catalyst. The enhancement in activity and durability is discussed based on CO stripping measurements and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis of the catalysts. The direct methanol fuel cell is widely considered as a potential highly efficient and clean energy source. Despite considerable advances in recent years, many technical barriers still need to be overcome in the development of electrocatalysts for the widespread commercialization.1 One of the major problems is the insufficient catalytic activity of the anode catalysts leading to slow kinetics of methanol electro-oxidation. The binary PtRu alloy is one of the most promising electrocatalysts for methanol electro-oxidation 2,3 due to the ability of Ru in the alloy to promote fast oxidation of CO. The promotional effect of Ru has mainly been discussed based on the so-called bifunctional mechanism 4 or electronic effect 5,6 or a mixture of both.7 It is generally accepted that the oxophilic ruthenium in the Pt-Ru catalyst dissociates water into OH and H at lower potential than that on platinum. 8,9 The CO chemisorbed on the platinum sites can then be oxidized by the neighboring OH. In addition, the electronic structure of platinum can be modified by forming an alloy with Ru, resulting in the weakening of CO adsorption on platinum. 10,11Despite the promising activity of the PtRu alloy, further improvement in activity and durability is necessary for practical application. The incorporation of a third metal, such as W, Mo, Co, Ni, Sn, Os, Rh, Pb, Bi, Ir, etc., 12-25 is a typical approach to develop methanol oxidizing catalysts with improved performance. Among the ternary alloy catalysts, the PtRuIr/C system seems to be promising; the promoting effect of Ir on the methanol electro-oxidation has been studied to some extent with limited composition and temperature range. [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] In this work, we conducted a systematic study on the PtRuIr/C system by preparing a series of catalysts with various Ir content and studied their electrocatalytic methanol oxidation activity at different temperatures. In addition to the initial quasi-steady state activity, the durability of the ternary catalyst was studied. ExperimentalCarbon-supported PtRuIr electrocatalysts were prepared by an impregnation reductive pyrolysis method similar to previously described methods. 26,27 In a typical procedure, carbon black ͑Vulcan XC-72R, 254 m 2 g −1 ͒ was added to 1-butanol solutions of H 2 PtCl 6 ·6H 2...

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activity and Durability of Ternary PtRuIr∕C for Methanol Electro-oxidation

Geng¹,

Matsuki²,

Wang³

et al. 2009

J. Electrochem. Soc.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Although a straightforward comparison may be difficult based on the different synthetic conditions, the difference in nucleation energy of the metals may play an important factor. Pt is fairly stable in a nanoparticle form, whereas Ru is known to easily aggregate into larger particles [47].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Comparative experiments with unsupported Ru black (kindly provided by N.E. Chemcat Co.) and carbon supported Ru (Ru/C; 30 mass% Ru on Vulcan Carbon prepared by an impregnation method [47].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of ordered mesoporous ruthenium by lyotropic liquid crystals and its electrochemical conversion to mesoporous ruthenium oxide with high surface area

Sugimoto

Makino

Mukai

et al. 2012

Journal of Power Sources

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In ordered to prepare high capacitance pseudo-capacitive oxides, it is important to design nanostructures with appreciable mesopores. Supramolecular templating has become a popular method to synthesize ordered mesoporous metals; however, the application of the same technique to synthesis of high surface area oxides is more demanding. We present here, the synthesis of ordered mesoporous ruthenium metal by lyotropic liquid crystal templating and its electrochemical conversion to ordered mesoporous ruthenium oxide by a simple, room temperature procedure. The bulk, unsupported metallic ordered mesoporous ruthenium exhibits high surface area of 110 m 2 g -1 , which is comparable to typical supported Ru nanoparticles. The oxide analogue gives a high specific capacitance of 376 F g -1 , owing to the porous structure. These results demonstrate a possible facile and generic process to synthesize oxides with ordered nanostructures by utilization of the various phases that can be obtained with lyotropic liquid crystalline templates such as cubic, hexagonal, lamellar, etc. comparable to state-of-the-art, supported ruthenium nanoparticles.► Ordered mesoporous ruthenium was electrochemically converted to its oxide analogue, with high specific capacitance.

show abstract

“…[6][7][8] Unfortunately, the commercialization of DMFCs is still limited by lacking rational design of the anode materials, resulting in the sluggish kinetics of methanol oxidation and poisoning devitalization of electrocatalysts. 9,10 To solve the above-mentioned issues, many e®orts have been devoted to design the electrocatalytic materials. 11 Typically, Pt-based alloy catalysts have been developed to ease the degradation of pure Pt catalysts caused by poisonous e®ect of the intermediate carbonaceous products during methanol catalytic process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bimetallic PtRu Nanoparticles Supported on Functionalized Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes as High Performance Electrocatalyst for Direct Methanol Fuel Cells

Tan

Sá

Cai

et al. 2016

NANO

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

PtRu nanoparticles (NPs) supported on acid treated multiwall carbon nanotubes (Pt 1 Ru 1 / MWCNTs) were prepared by a modi¯ed polyol method without adding any other surfactant or protective agent. The structural and compositional properties of the as-obtained samples were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), X-ray di®raction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron (XPS) spectroscopy. The electrocatalytic performance of the catalyst was evaluated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), CO stripping voltammetry and chronoamperometry, indicating a high catalytic activity, excellent CO tolerance and stability for methanol oxidation. Interestingly, a series of accurate controllable experiments have been designed to explore the enhancement mechanism of Pt 1 Ru 1 /MWCNTs for methanol oxidation reaction. Most importantly, Pt 1 Ru 1 /MWCNTs composites were used as an anode catalyst in the direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) exhibiting outstanding power density (126.1 mW/cm 2 Þ 1.7 times higher than that of the commercial catalyst of Pt 1 Ru 1 /C (74.1 mW/cm 2 Þ (E-TEK).

show abstract

Particle growth behavior of carbon-supported Pt, Ru, PtRu catalysts prepared by an impregnation reductive-pyrolysis method for direct methanol fuel cell anodes

Cited by 98 publications

References 53 publications

Activity and Durability of Ternary PtRuIr∕C for Methanol Electro-oxidation

Activity and Durability of Ternary PtRuIr∕C for Methanol Electro-oxidation

Synthesis of ordered mesoporous ruthenium by lyotropic liquid crystals and its electrochemical conversion to mesoporous ruthenium oxide with high surface area

Bimetallic PtRu Nanoparticles Supported on Functionalized Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes as High Performance Electrocatalyst for Direct Methanol Fuel Cells

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About