Particle Image Velocimetry Measurements of Flow Over an Ogee-Type Weir in a Hydraulic Flume

Abstract

Laboratory tests of water flowing over a modified ogee weir are carried out in a wave–current flume for two different scales. A model of a weir representing a part of a spillway section of the existing Włocławek dam (Vistula River, Poland) is mounted in a wave–current flume. The Froude similarity law is used to simulate the flow over a real damming structure at 1:25 and 1:50 scales. Particle image velocimetry methods are employed to measure a flow velocity field over the crest of the weir model. The system is capable of providing high fidelity velocity fields at sampling rates of 10 Hz and 50 Hz. Detailed information on flow characteristics is extracted from the instantaneous velocity field measurements to provide a comprehensive description of the kinematics of a weir flow at discharges corresponding to hydrological events with return periods of 100 and 1000 years, revealing some interesting spatial features. The geometry of the weir results in the development of a characteristic circulation cell, which is relatively wide for the lower discharge. When the flow intensity increases, a triangular circulation develops behind the weir crest instead. Moreover, sudden changes in the flow regime lead to the rapid formation of vortex structures, which propagate downstream at speeds ranging from 0.3 to 1 m s−1. The origin of eddy formation is identified at the upstream and downstream ends of the weir crest for respective average velocities at the crest of approx. 0.6 m s−1 and 1.2 m s−1.

On the Hydraulic Characteristics of Submerged Flow over Trapezoidal-Shaped Weirs

“…Furthermore, higher-order numerical models were widely applied to explore the submerged-flow characteristics of trapezoidal-and ogee-shaped weirs (e.g., Huang and Ng 2007, Zerihun and Fenton 2007, Pedersen et al 2018, Qian et al 2021. The performance of these types of models has been fine-tuned by using the data of experimental studies that aimed to examine the structure of the flow field (see, e.g., Zerihun 2004, Peltier et al 2018, Biegowski et al 2020, Karim and Mohammed 2020.…”