Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) measurements in a water film, application to a tire rolling through a puddle

Abstract

A measurement method based on Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) with refraction of the laser sheet at a window/water interface is proposed for the measurement of the velocity field of a flow, inside a water puddle, due to a tire rolling on. This study focuses on the feasibility and repeatability of this optical measurement method. The characterization of the optical properties of this measurement technique defines its accuracy. The analysis of the overall features of the flow is focused on two main flow zones in front of and around the tire. The flow inside the first zone is characterized by a global velocity of the water displaced in an area located in front of the tire. In the second zone a velocity representative of the flow in the vicinity of the tire shoulder is also defined. Correlations of both characteristic velocities with the car speed and water film height are established. New and the corresponding worn tires were tested in this work.

Analysis of the water flow inside tire grooves of a rolling car using refraction particle image velocimetry

“…Consequently, the location and the accuracy of the effective velocity measurements in the liquid phase appeared to be a complex function of the emitting and receiving optical properties. Cabut et al 2019 19 successfully used the r-PIV method for the measurements of the local water flow velocity in front of a real tire rolling in a water puddle covering a smooth flat ground (road). Different characteristic zones of the flow have been identified: the so-called water bank (WB) in front of the median part of the tire and the shoulder (S) zone in the sides of front part of the tire.…”

“…Therefore, the whole emitting optical device is mounted on a rotation stage in order to finely adjust the incident light sheet angle at the solid/water interface with a precision of 0:1 . The light sheet vertical intensity profile in the tire grooves is measured when the car is at rest using the same device as described in Cabut et al 18 The profiles obtained for tire measurements are presented in Cabut et al 19 (Fig. 7) and appear to be nearly uniform at both the inlet and outlet of the longitudinal grooves.…”

Analysis of the water flow inside tire grooves of a rolling car using r-PIV

“…The light sheet vertical intensity profile in the tire grooves is measured when the car is at rest using the same device as described in Cabut et al [20]. The profiles obtained for tire measurements are presented in Cabut et al 2019 [19] (Fig. 7) and appear to be nearly uniform both at inlet and outlet of the longitudinal grooves.…”

R(refracted)-PIV measurements of water film flow: application to flow under a rolling tire

“…This dedicated measurement method opens the possibility of a deeper investigation of the water flow inside the grooves located in the CPA and also in the region around the CPA during the rolling of a tire over a water film. For this aim and to analyse their first results obtained with such a method, Cabut [13] and Cabut et al [14], [15] defined some first parameters to describe quantitatively flows inside grooves and outside the CPA. In [14] they focused on the water-bank (region in front of the tire) and shoulder zones whereas in [15] they focused their interest on flows inside the longitudinal grooves of a summer tire (Michelin Primacy 4).…”

“…For this aim and to analyse their first results obtained with such a method, Cabut [13] and Cabut et al [14], [15] defined some first parameters to describe quantitatively flows inside grooves and outside the CPA. In [14] they focused on the water-bank (region in front of the tire) and shoulder zones whereas in [15] they focused their interest on flows inside the longitudinal grooves of a summer tire (Michelin Primacy 4). Furthermore, for a given transverse groove, Cabut [13] developed a velocity averaged (inside the groove domain) parameter and plot it as a function of the longitudinal location of this transverse groove (barycenter of the integration domain).…”