Particle laden flow investigations in special purpose dry-ice blasting applications

Rudek, Arthur; Russ, Gerald; Duignan, Barry

doi:10.2495/cmem-v4-n4-393-402

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Dry-ice particles are sized and tracked with HSCs placed at specific positions in the HPC. The procedure and the experimental set-up of the HSCs and the lighting system are described in detail in Rudek et al (2016). Two positions are accessed and these are the IGV row of the HPC (HSC-I) and a position behind the OGV row of the HPC (HSC-O).…”

Section: Experimental and Numerical Strategy Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is possible to apply artificial PTFE fouling in large-scale experiments and this data is used to compare the numerical to experimental results in this study. The blades are photographed before and after defouling tests outside the engine in a controlled lighting environment and post-processing of these photographs is carried out with a before-after comparison procedure, comparable to that described in detail in Rudek et al (2016). This procedure provides the desired defouling statistics.…”

Section: Experimental and Numerical Strategy Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental and numerical investigation of CO2 dry-ice based aircraft compressor cleaning

Rudek

Muckenhaupt

Kombeitz

et al. 2019

European Conference on Turbomachinery Fluid Dynamics and Hermodynamics

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On-wing cleaning of engine compressors for commercial aircraft is a required maintenance task which results in greater operating efficiency and lower emission rates. It is typically carried out by injection of water and detergents into the intake of an engine while the engine is being cranked by the starter (i.e. dry-cranked). The dry-ice blasting process, a cleaning system which uses an air-flow and CO 2 dry-ice particles as cleaning agent, has been proposed as an alternative method which is potentially capable of efficient cleaning. In this context, an experimental and numerical investigation of the dry-ice defouling process is presented. A prototype of the new cleaning-system is used to defoul the compressors of a GE CF6-50 engine in a test-rig. The injected dry-ice particles disintegrate into smaller fragments and defoul the airfoils upon collision inside the dry-cranked engine. The study addresses an insight into the dry-ice particle behavior during the process and the numerical assessment of the defouling efficiency. Air-flow measurements, particle-tracking experiments utilizing a high-speed camera (HSC) and airfoil surface-mapping experiments are presented. The particle recordings are made at three positions inside of the engine and these are two-dimensionally postprocessed. The airfoil surface-mapping utilizes photographies and image post-processing to compare the airfoil surfaces before and after cleaning. The airfoils investigated are coated with polyexymethylene, which is used to visualize the defouling effect in large scale engine experiments. The process is simulated in steady state with Ansys CFX and the implementations of the newly developed particle breakup-and erosion models for dry-ice are used in an Euler-Lagrangian formulation. Rotational periodicity is assumed, and the airfoil domains are linked with a mixing-plane approach. Predicted air flow properties of the dry-cranked engine, particle size and particle velocity data, and defouling patterns of the blading are compared using experimental data where possible. Cleaning efficiency is assessed at various instants of time using various parameters of the particle breakup model and of the particle injection formulation. The overall agreement of predicted and experimental data is found to be satisfactory for engineering purposes. The mean deviations encountered range from 9.7 to 22.4%. Possible improvements of the numerical strategy presented are identified and discussed.

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Section: Experimental and Numerical Strategy Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experimental and Numerical Strategy Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and numerical investigation of CO2 dry-ice based aircraft compressor cleaning

Rudek

Muckenhaupt

Kombeitz

et al. 2019

European Conference on Turbomachinery Fluid Dynamics and Hermodynamics

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“…[29][30][31]) that fouling must be the only factor which causes these coefficient of restitution differences, and since CO 2 dry-ice particles tend to disintegrate on impact (see for example Ref. [6]) the required data for eqn. (3) must be obtained using a reference particle material (superscript ref), which does not plastically deform in the given range of Stokes numbers.…”

Section: Theoretical Formulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Particle size and velocity is measured by means of a high-speed camera (HSC) (f) before and after impact. The data is processed using Matlab post-processors developed by the authors [6]. For fouled targets, the indentation is measured by a before-after comparison of impact area photographs.…”

Section: Basic Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An energy-based approach to assess and predict erosive airfoil defouling

Rudek¹,

Zitzmann²,

Russ³

et al. 2017

Int. J. CMEM

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A dynamic indentation experiment is presented for assessment of the adhesive behavior of a range of coatings in erosive defouling of commercial aircraft engines using CO 2 dry-ice. A series of experiments is presented in which particles made from a reference material (polyoxymethylene-POM) and from CO 2 dry-ice are made to impact compressor airfoils under a range of impact angle and velocity conditions. The airfoils investigated are coated with an indicator material (PTFE), which is typically used to visualise the defouling effect in large scale compressor defouling experiments. In addition, fouled compressor airfoils taken from service and coated with a fouling typically found in low-pressure compressor stages are investigated. The energy required for the reference particles (POM) to create a defouling effect for the different coatings is determined by an experimental evaluation of their coefficient of restitution. This energy requirement is assumed to be fouling specific. Empirical defouling functions are presented. They correlate the defouling effect for both particle materials under various impact conditions. The empirical correlations are developed into a simulation procedure to predict particle impact erosion and energy dissipation of coated surfaces in numerical indentation simulations.

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Research on cleaning technology and damage assessment of single-stage compressor rotating blades with dry ice as agent

Jiang

Tan

et al. 2023

Journal of Cleaner Production

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Particle laden flow investigations in special purpose dry-ice blasting applications

Cited by 4 publications

References 9 publications

Experimental and numerical investigation of CO2 dry-ice based aircraft compressor cleaning

Experimental and numerical investigation of CO2 dry-ice based aircraft compressor cleaning

An energy-based approach to assess and predict erosive airfoil defouling

Research on cleaning technology and damage assessment of single-stage compressor rotating blades with dry ice as agent

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