Particle Size Analysis in Pharmaceutics: Principles, Methods and Applications

Shekunov, Boris Y.; Chattopadhyay, Pratibhash; Tong, Henry H.Y.; Chow, Albert H.L.

doi:10.1007/s11095-006-9146-7

Cited by 442 publications

(243 citation statements)

References 91 publications

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“…In the ocular delivery, it is especially relevant the control of the particle size since it directly influence the drug release rate, bioavailability, and patient comfort and compliance (Shekunov et al, 2007;Souto et al, 2010). In addition, it is known that the smaller the particle size, the longer the retention time and easier application (Araujo et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of cationic lipid nanoparticles for ocular delivery: Development, characterization and cytotoxicity

Fangueiro

Andreani

Egea

et al. 2014

International Journal of Pharmaceutics

130

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a b s t r a c tIn the present study we have developed lipid nanoparticle (LN) dispersions based on a multiple emulsion technique for encapsulation of hydrophilic drugs or/and proteins by a full factorial design. In order to increase ocular retention time and mucoadhesion by electrostatic attraction, a cationic lipid, namely cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), was added in the lipid matrix of the optimal LN dispersion obtained from the factorial design. There are a limited number of studies reporting the ideal concentration of cationic agents in LN for drug delivery. This paper suggests that the choice of the concentration of a cationic agent is critical when formulating a safe and stable LN. CTAB was included in the lipid matrix of LN, testing four different concentrations (0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75%, or 1.0%wt) and how composition affects LN behavior regarding physical and chemical parameters, lipid crystallization and polymorphism, and stability of dispersion during storage. In order to develop a safe and compatible system for ocular delivery, CTAB-LN dispersions were exposed to Human retinoblastoma cell line Y-79. The toxicity testing of the CTAB-LN dispersions was a fundamental tool to find the best CTAB concentration for development of these cationic LN, which was found to be 0.5 wt% of CTAB.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of cationic lipid nanoparticles for ocular delivery: Development, characterization and cytotoxicity

Fangueiro

Andreani

Egea

et al. 2014

International Journal of Pharmaceutics

130

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“…In the evaluation of pharmaceutical product quality, particulate system characteristics are generally of great concern [2]. To characterize the particle size distribution (PSD) of a pharmaceutical product, a large number of analytical technologies are commercially available.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particle shape and orientation in laser diffraction and static image analysis size distribution analysis of micrometer sized rectangular particles

Tinke¹,

Carnicer

Govoreanu³

et al. 2008

Powder Technology

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A systematic study has been described on the laser diffraction (LD) and static image analysis (SIA) of rectangular particles [1]. To rule out powder sampling, sample dispersion and particle orientation as a possible root cause for differences in size distribution profile, powder samples were initially immobilized by means of a dry disperser onto a glass plate. For a defined region of the glass plate the diffraction pattern as induced by the dispersed particles, and the 2D dimensions of the individual particles were measured by LD and optical microscopy, respectively. Correlation between LD and SIA could be demonstrated considering the scattering intensity of the individual particles as the most dominating factor. For both spherical and rectangular particles, theory explains the latter to relate to the square of their projected area. In traditional LD, the size distribution profile is dominated by the maximum projected area of the particles (A), and the diffraction diameters of a rectangular particle with length L and breadth B are perceived by the LD instrument to correspond by approximation with spheres having a diameter of ∅ L and ∅ B , respectively. Weighting for differences in scattering intensity between spherical and Page 3 of 56 rectangular particles exlains each rectangular particle to contribute to the overall LD volume probability distribution proportional to A 2 /L and A 2 /B. Accordingly, for rectangular particles this scattering intensity weighted diffraction diameter (SIWDD) concept explains an overestimation of their shortest dimension and an underestimation of their longest dimension. For this study various samples have been analysed with the longest dimension of the particles ranging from ca. 10 to 1000 µm. For a variety of pharmaceutical powders all with a different rectangular particle size and shape, the demonstrated correlation between LD and SIA aims to facilitate the user in a better validation of LD methods based on SIA data.

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“…Every administration method has certain requirements on particle microstructures, especially on PS [19][20][21][22][23]. Generally, for oral administration, there is a wide PS range, which tends to be within 0.1-100m, according to their gastrointestinal dissolution and absorption characteristics.…”

Section: Basic Requirements Of Particular Drug Deliverymentioning

confidence: 99%

Tailoring Particle Microstructures via Supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> Processes for Particular Drug Delivery

Liu¹,

Jiang

Wang³

2015

CPD

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Strategies for a particular drug delivery are always of great interest for the pharmaceutical industry, and efficient methods of preparing products with controlled particle microstructures are fundamental for the development and application of drug delivery. Supercritical fluid particle design (SCF PD) processes, as a green and effective alternative to traditional methods, have been effectively employed to produce particles with designated microstructures.Combining with research experiences in our research group, this review aims to provide a theoretical framework of SCF PD for particular drug delivery. For any drug delivery formulations, macroscopic properties are directly influenced by the particle microstructures, "Inverse" strategies are introduced at first to obtain the needed particle microstructures for a particular drug delivery in this paper. Then, how to produce particles with designated microstructures via SCF PD processes is discussed, mainly focus on the screening and selection of operating parameters according to thermodynamics and fluid dynamics study. Recent examples of SCF micronization and co-precipitation/ encapsulation processes are also summarized with an emphasis on how to tailor the particle microstructures by controlling the operating parameters.Finally, challenges and issues needed further study are briefly suggested for SCD PD.

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Particle Size Analysis in Pharmaceutics: Principles, Methods and Applications

Cited by 442 publications

References 91 publications

Design of cationic lipid nanoparticles for ocular delivery: Development, characterization and cytotoxicity

Design of cationic lipid nanoparticles for ocular delivery: Development, characterization and cytotoxicity

Particle shape and orientation in laser diffraction and static image analysis size distribution analysis of micrometer sized rectangular particles

Tailoring Particle Microstructures via Supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> Processes for Particular Drug Delivery

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