Particle size dependence of the lithium storage capability and high rate performance of nanocrystalline anatase TiO2 electrode

Jiang, Chunhai; Wei, Mingdeng; Qi, Zhi‐mei; Kudo, Tetsuichi; Honma, Itaru; Zhou, Haoshen

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2007.01.004

Cited by 331 publications

(358 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(25 reference statements)

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“…39 The insertion process gives a first discharge capacity of 204 mA h g -1 , and a subsequent charge capacity of 169 mA h g -1 , leading to an irreversible capacity loss of only 17%.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This first-cycle high discharge capacity is generally attributed to surface phenomena such as the irreversible decomposition of electrolyte accompanying the formation of solid electrolyte interface (SEI), 39,43,44 as well as the ultrathin nanosheets granting efficient transport of lithium ions. 30 When a current as high as 10 C (1700 mA g -1 ) is used, our TiO 2 -NSHS is still able to deliver a reversible capacity of 150 mA h g -1 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Constructing Hierarchical Spheres from Large Ultrathin Anatase TiO₂ Nanosheets with Nearly 100% Exposed (001) Facets for Fast Reversible Lithium Storage

et al. 2010

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Synthesis of nanocrystals with exposed high-energy facets is a well-known challenge in many fields of science and technology. The higher reactivity of these facets simultaneously makes them desirable catalysts for sluggish chemical reactions and leads to their small populations in an equilibrated crystal. Using anatase TiO 2 as an example, we demonstrate a facile approach for creating high surface area, stable nanosheets comprised of nearly 100% exposed (001) facets. Our approach relies on spontaneous assembly of the nanosheets into three-dimensional, hierarchical spheres that stabilizes them from collapse. We show that the high surface density of exposed TiO 2 (001) facets leads to fast lithium insertion/deinsertion processes in batteries that mimic features seen in high power electrochemical capacitors.2

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“…39 The insertion process gives a first discharge capacity of 204 mA h g -1 , and a subsequent charge capacity of 169 mA h g -1 , leading to an irreversible capacity loss of only 17%.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Constructing Hierarchical Spheres from Large Ultrathin Anatase TiO₂ Nanosheets with Nearly 100% Exposed (001) Facets for Fast Reversible Lithium Storage

et al. 2010

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“…TiO 2 -based materials are being increasingly proposed as promising anodes for lithium-ion batteries, due to their low cost, light weight, and nontoxicity. [1][2][3] A number of polymorphs have been investigated with nanoporous and other nanoscale morphologies often offering improved performance. The use of nanoscale samples results in increased contact areas between electrode and electrolyte, and shortened distances for lithium transport, leading to increased power.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Anatase has been proposed as a possible Libattery anode material since it can readily incorporate Li atoms at interstitial sites. 1,2,8,9 Performance of the bulk material is limited by phase separation between a lowlithium-concentration anatase phase and an orthorhombic lithium-titanate phase with a limiting composition of Li 0.5-0.6 TiO 2 . 10,11 In nanoscale samples it has been reported that this phase separation is suppressed with the two phases coexisting within a single domain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

GGA+Udescription of lithium intercalation into anataseTiO2

2010

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We have used density-functional theory ͓generalized gradient approximation ͑GGA͔͒ to study lithium intercalation at low concentration into anatase TiO 2 . To describe the defect states produced by Li doping a Hubbard "+U" correction is applied to the Ti d states ͑GGA+ U͒. Uncorrected GGA calculations predict Li x TiO 2 to be metallic with the excess charge distributed over all Ti sites, whereas GGA+ U predicts a defect state 0.96 eV below the conduction band, in agreement with experimental photoelectron spectra. This occupied defect state corresponds to charge strongly localized at a single Ti 3d site neighboring the intercalated lithium with a magnetization of 1 B. This polaronic state produces a redshifted optical absorption spectrum, which is compared to those for the native O-vacancy and Ti-interstitial defects. The strong localization of charge at a single Ti center lowers the symmetry of the interstitial geometry relative to that predicted by GGA. The intercalated lithium sits close to the center of the octahedral site, occupying a single potential energy minimum with respect to displacement along the ͓001͔ direction. This challenges the previous interpretation of neutron diffraction data that there exist two potential energy minima separated by 1.6 Å along the ͓001͔ direction within each octahedron. Nudged elastic band calculations give barriers to interoctahedral diffusion of ϳ0.6 eV, in good agreement with experimental data. These barrier heights are found to depend only weakly on the position of the donated electron. The intercalation energy is 2.14 eV with GGA and 1.88 eV with GGA+ U, compared to the experimental value of ϳ1.9 eV. Li-electron binding energies have also been calculated. The ͓Li i• -Ti Ti Ј ͔ complex has a binding energy of 56 meV, and a second electron is predicted to be bound to give ͓Li i• -2Ti Ti Ј ͔ with a stabilization energy of 30 meV, indicating that intercalated lithium will weakly trap excess electrons produced during photoillumination or introduced by additional n-type doping.

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“…10,11 Ramsdellite titanium dioxide, TiO 2 (R), is one of the polymorphs of TiO 2 and is another promising candidate as a high potential anode. [12][13][14][15][16][17][18] Gover et al demonstrated that TiO 2 (R) has a high reversible capacity (275 mAh g ¹1 ) close to the theoretical capacity of 335 mAh g ¹1 . 16 In the literature, metallic Ti powder has been used for the preparation of ramsdelite LiTi 2 O 4 , LiTi 2 O 4 (R), which is a precursor of TiO 2 (R); however, the use of metallic Ti powder would have a safety problem in commercial production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Preparation and Charge/Discharge Characteristics of Carbon-modified Ramsdellite TiO<sub>2</sub> as a High Potential Anode

et al. 2015

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Carbon-modified ramsdellite titanium dioxide, TiO 2 (R), was prepared without using metallic Ti powder, and its charge and discharge properties was investigated as an anode of lithium ion batteries. Carbon sources (citric acid and multi-walled carbon nanotubes) were added in the calcination process to obtain a LiTi 2 O 4 precursor. The carbon addition was indispensable to obtain stoichiometric LiTi 2 O 4 as a precursor and the resulting Li + -free TiO 2 (R). The carbon-modified TiO 2 (R) had a round shape and a smaller particle size of 0.5-1.5 µm. The discharge capacity and rate-capability were improved by carbon modification due to an enhancement of the electronic conductivity and a reduction of the lithium-ion diffusion path.

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Particle size dependence of the lithium storage capability and high rate performance of nanocrystalline anatase TiO2 electrode

Cited by 331 publications

References 19 publications

Constructing Hierarchical Spheres from Large Ultrathin Anatase TiO₂ Nanosheets with Nearly 100% Exposed (001) Facets for Fast Reversible Lithium Storage

Constructing Hierarchical Spheres from Large Ultrathin Anatase TiO₂ Nanosheets with Nearly 100% Exposed (001) Facets for Fast Reversible Lithium Storage

GGA+Udescription of lithium intercalation into anataseTiO2

Preparation and Charge/Discharge Characteristics of Carbon-modified Ramsdellite TiO<sub>2</sub> as a High Potential Anode

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Particle size dependence of the lithium storage capability and high rate performance of nanocrystalline anatase TiO2 electrode

Cited by 331 publications

References 19 publications

Constructing Hierarchical Spheres from Large Ultrathin Anatase TiO2 Nanosheets with Nearly 100% Exposed (001) Facets for Fast Reversible Lithium Storage

Constructing Hierarchical Spheres from Large Ultrathin Anatase TiO2 Nanosheets with Nearly 100% Exposed (001) Facets for Fast Reversible Lithium Storage

GGA+Udescription of lithium intercalation into anataseTiO2

Preparation and Charge/Discharge Characteristics of Carbon-modified Ramsdellite TiO<sub>2</sub> as a High Potential Anode

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Constructing Hierarchical Spheres from Large Ultrathin Anatase TiO₂ Nanosheets with Nearly 100% Exposed (001) Facets for Fast Reversible Lithium Storage

Constructing Hierarchical Spheres from Large Ultrathin Anatase TiO₂ Nanosheets with Nearly 100% Exposed (001) Facets for Fast Reversible Lithium Storage