Particle-Size Distribution of Chromium: Total and Hexavalent Chromium in Inspirable, Thoracic, and Respirable Soil Particles from Contaminated Sites in New Jersey

Kitsa, Vasiliki; Lioy, Paul J.; Chow, Judith C.; Watson, John G.; Shupack, Saul I.; Howell, Timothy; Sanders, Paul F.

doi:10.1080/02786829208959572

Cited by 20 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Finally, on April, 22 2002, a resident of 395 South End Avenue sampled the dusts collected within their home vacuum cleaner, which had been operated only after restoration of the residence following the WTC disaster (Table 1). For all samples collected by NYU or EOHSI personnel, samples were collected using the protocols established for surface soil collection in studies of the dispersal of Cr laden hazardous waste in Jersey City, New Jersey (Kitsa et al, 1992), and the National Human Exposure Assessment Survey (Pellizzari et al, 1995). After collection, all samples were stored at 41C prior to delivery of sub-fractions to collaborators' laboratories for analysis.…”

Section: Sample Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistent organic pollutants in dusts that settled indoors in lower Manhattan after September 11, 2001

Offenberg

Eisenreich

Gigliotti

et al. 2004

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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The explosion and collapse of the World Trade Center (WTC) was a catastrophic event that produced an aerosol impacting many residents, workers, and commuters after September 11, 2001. In all, 12 bulk samples of the settled dust were collected at indoor locations surrounding the epicenter of the disaster, including one sample from a residence that had been cleansed and was once again occupied. Additionally, one sample was collected from just outside a fifth story window on the sill. These samples were analyzed for many components, including inorganic and organic constituents as well as morphology of the various particles. The results of the analyses for persistent organic pollutants on dusts that settled at indoor locations are described herein, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls, and select organo-chlorine pesticides. The S 86 -PCB concentrations, comprising less than one part per million by mass of the bulk in the two samples analyzed, indicated that PCBs were of limited significance in the dust that settled at indoor locations across lower Manhattan. Likewise, organo-chlorine pesticides, Hexachlorobenzene, Heptachlor, 4,4 0 -DDE, 2,4 0 -DDT, 4,4 0 -DDTand Mirex were found at even lower concentrations in the bulk samples. Conversely, S 37 -PAHs comprised up to 0.04% (o0.005-0.036%) by mass of the bulk indoor dust in the 11 WTC impacted bulk indoor samples. Analysis of one sample of indoor dusts collected from a vacuum cleaner of a rehabilitated home shows markedly lower PAH concentrations (o0.0005 mass%), as well as differing relative contributions for individual compounds. In addition to similar concentrations, comparison of PAH concentration patterns (i.e. chemical fingerprints) shows that dusts that settled indoors are chemically similar to previously measured WTC dusts found at outdoor locations and that these PAH analyses may be used in identifying dusts of WTC origin at indoor locations, along with ascertaining further needs for cleaning.

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Section: Sample Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistent organic pollutants in dusts that settled indoors in lower Manhattan after September 11, 2001

Offenberg

Eisenreich

Gigliotti

et al. 2004

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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“…In this study, COPR-containing soils were resuspended in a sealed chamber and the particle size distribution was determined using a series of impactors. 28 A typical silt density of 1.44 g/cm 3 was used in FDM. Surface soil samples collected along the on-site traffic route and analyzed using EPA Method 3060A for Cr(VI) 28 were used to determine the mean concentration of Cr(VI) along the traffic route.…”

Section: Selection Of Sites Evaluatedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…28 A typical silt density of 1.44 g/cm 3 was used in FDM. Surface soil samples collected along the on-site traffic route and analyzed using EPA Method 3060A for Cr(VI) 28 were used to determine the mean concentration of Cr(VI) along the traffic route. Surface soil concentrations of Cr(VI) along this route ranged from 0.53 to 12.4 mg/kg with an arithmetic mean of 4.3 mg/kg.…”

Section: Selection Of Sites Evaluatedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of an Accurate Soil Suspension/Dispersion Modeling Method for Use in Estimating Health-Based Soil Cleanup Levels of Hexavalent Chromium in Chromite Ore Processing Residues

Pk¹,

Bl²,

Hm³

et al. 1997

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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The primary health concern associated with chromite ore processing residues (COPR) at sites in Hudson County, NJ, is the inhalation of Cr(VI) suspended from surface soils. Since health-based soil standards for Cr(VI) will be derived using the inhalation pathway, soil suspension modeling will be necessary to estimate site-specific, health-based soil cleanup levels (HBSCLs). The purpose of this study was to identify the most appropriate particulate emission and air dispersion models for estimating soil suspension at these sites based on their theoretical underpinnings, scientific acceptability, and past performance. The identified modeling approach, the AP-42 particulate emission model and the fugitive dust model (FDM), was used to calculate concentrations of airborne Cr(VI) and TSP at two COPR sites.These estimated concentrations were then compared to concentrations measured at each site. The TSP concentrations calculated using the AP-42/FDM soil suspension modeling approach were all within a factor of 3 of the measured concentrations. The majority of the estimated air concentrations were greater than the measured, indicating that the AP-42/FDM approach tends to overestimate on-site concentrations. The site-specific Cr(VI) HBSCLs for these two sites calculated using this conservative soil suspension modeling approach ranged from 190 to 420 mg/kg.

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“…The samples were collected using the protocols established for surface soil collection in our studies of the dispersal of chromium-laden hazardous waste in Jersey City, New Jersey (2), and the National Human Exposure Assessment Survey (3). After collection, all samples were stored in a 4°C room prior to sending the subfractions to individual laboratories for analysis.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the dust/smoke aerosol that settled east of the World Trade Center (WTC) in lower Manhattan after the collapse of the WTC 11 September 2001.

Lioy

Weisel

Millette

et al. 2002

Environ Health Perspect

452

453

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The explosion and collapse of the World Trade Center (WTC) was a catastrophic event that produced an aerosol plume impacting many workers, residents, and commuters during the first few days after 11 September 2001. Three bulk samples of the total settled dust and smoke were collected at weather-protected locations east of the WTC on 16 and 17 September 2001; these samples are representative of the generated material that settled immediately after the explosion and fire and the concurrent collapse of the two structures. We analyzed each sample, not differentiated by particle size, for inorganic and organic composition. In the inorganic analyses, we identified metals, radionuclides, ionic species, asbestos, and inorganic species. In the organic analyses, we identified polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls, polychlorinated dibenzodioxins, polychlorinated dibenzofurans, pesticides, phthalate esters, brominated diphenyl ethers, and other hydrocarbons. Each sample had a basic pH. Asbestos levels ranged from 0.8% to 3.0% of the mass, the PAHs were > 0.1% of the mass, and lead ranged from 101 to 625 microg/g. The content and distribution of material was indicative of a complex mixture of building debris and combustion products in the resulting plume. These three samples were composed primarily of construction materials, soot, paint (leaded and unleaded), and glass fibers (mineral wool and fiberglass). Levels of hydrocarbons indicated unburned or partially burned jet fuel, plastic, cellulose, and other materials that were ignited by the fire. In morphologic analyses we found that a majority of the mass was fibrous and composed of many types of fibers (e.g., mineral wool, fiberglass, asbestos, wood, paper, and cotton). The particles were separated into size classifications by gravimetric and aerodynamic methods. Material < 2.5 microm in aerodynamic diameter was 0.88-1.98% of the total mass. The largest mass concentrations were > 53 microm in diameter. The results obtained from these samples can be used to understand the contact and types of exposures to this unprecedented complex mixture experienced by the surviving residents, commuters, and rescue workers directly affected by the plume from 11 to 12 September and the evaluations of any acute or long-term health effects from resuspendable dust and smoke to the residents, commuters, and local workers, as well as from the materials released after 11 September until the fires were extinguished. Further, these results support the need to have the interior of residences, buildings, and their respective HVAC systems professionally cleaned to reduce long-term residential risks before rehabitation.

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Particle-Size Distribution of Chromium: Total and Hexavalent Chromium in Inspirable, Thoracic, and Respirable Soil Particles from Contaminated Sites in New Jersey

Cited by 20 publications

References 3 publications

Persistent organic pollutants in dusts that settled indoors in lower Manhattan after September 11, 2001

Persistent organic pollutants in dusts that settled indoors in lower Manhattan after September 11, 2001

Identification of an Accurate Soil Suspension/Dispersion Modeling Method for Use in Estimating Health-Based Soil Cleanup Levels of Hexavalent Chromium in Chromite Ore Processing Residues

Characterization of the dust/smoke aerosol that settled east of the World Trade Center (WTC) in lower Manhattan after the collapse of the WTC 11 September 2001.

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