Particle-size effect of Pt cathode catalysts on durability in fuel cells

Yano, Hiroshi; Watanabe, Masahiro; Iiyama, Akihiro; Uchida, Hiroyuki

doi:10.1016/j.nanoen.2016.02.016

Cited by 117 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Contrary to the common view, Yano et al 94 found that Pt NPs as small as 2 nm were quite durable among 2, 3 and 4 nm homemade Pt/C catalysts and commercial 2 nm Pt/C. They thought that NPs, being uniform in size and highly dispersed over the whole surface of the carbon support, are the key to catalyst durability.…”

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confidence: 87%

“…Some novel processes for synthesis with controlled Pt sizes, such as the nanocapsule method, 92 modied Pt UPD (underpotential-deposited) 53 and electron reduction, 93 were developed. To obtain control of the particle size in a narrow range, Yano et al 92,94 developed a modied nanocapsule method to prepare Pt and Pt-M (M ¼ V, Cr, Fe, Co, and Ni) alloy NPs, highly dispersed on carbon black as ORR catalysts. Pt/C or Pt-M alloy/ C were synthesised within nanocapsules formed in diphenyl ether in the presence of carbon black.…”

Section: Synthesis With Controlled Pt Sizesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Pt particle size was controlled by changing the molar ratio of the metal precursor Pt(acac) 2 to surfactant in the solvent. 94 An exclusively modied microwaveassisted polyol method was developed for synthesis of carbon supported Pt and PtCr nanomaterials. 95 Diethylene glycol was used as both a solvent and reducing agent.…”

Section: Synthesis With Controlled Pt Sizesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A comprehensive review of Pt electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction: Nanostructure, activity, mechanism and carbon support in PEM fuel cells

et al. 2017

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A comprehensive review of Pt electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction: nanostructure, activity, mechanism and carbon support in PEM fuel cells. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 5 (5). pp. 1808 -1825 . ISSN 2050 Access from the University of Nottingham repository: http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/40957/1/Journal%20of%20Materials%20Chemistry%20A %EF%BC%88C6TA08580F%20-%20corrected%20proofs%20-final%EF%BC%89.pdf Copyright and reuse:The Nottingham ePrints service makes this work by researchers of the University of Nottingham available open access under the following conditions. This article is made available under the University of Nottingham End User licence and may be reused according to the conditions of the licence. For more details see: http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/end_user_agreement.pdf A note on versions:The version presented here may differ from the published version or from the version of record. If you wish to cite this item you are advised to consult the publisher's version. Please see the repository url above for details on accessing the published version and note that access may require a subscription. Translation errors between word-processor files and typesetting systems can occur so the whole proof needs to be read. Please pay particular attention to: tabulated material; equations; numerical data; figures and graphics; and references. If you have not already indicated the corresponding author(s) please mark their name(s) with an asterisk. Please e-mail a list of corrections or the PDF with electronic notes attached -do not change the text within the PDF file or send a revised manuscript. Corrections at this stage should be minor and not involve extensive changes. All corrections must be sent at the same time.Please bear in mind that minor layout improvements, e.g. in line breaking, table widths and graphic placement, are routinely applied to the final version.We will publish articles on the web as soon as possible after receiving your corrections; n no late corrections will be made. The sluggish rate of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells has been a major challenge. Significantly increasing efforts have been made worldwide towards a highly active ORR catalyst with high durability. Among all the catalysts exploited, Pt electrocatalysts are still the best in terms of a comprehensive evaluation. The investigation of Pt-based ORR catalysts is necessary for a practical ORR catalyst with low Pt content. This paper reviews recent progress in the studies of the mechanism, nanostructure, size effect and carbon supports of Pt electrocatalysts for the ORR. The importance of the size and structure control of Pt ORR catalysts, related with carbon support materials, is indicated. The potential methods for such control are discussed. The progress in theoretical studies and in situ catalyst characterization are also discussed. Finally, challenges and future developments are addressed.

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confidence: 87%

Section: Synthesis With Controlled Pt Sizesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Synthesis With Controlled Pt Sizesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A comprehensive review of Pt electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction: Nanostructure, activity, mechanism and carbon support in PEM fuel cells

et al. 2017

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“…[1][2][3][4] For PEFC anode and cathode catalysts, the activity and its degradation have been analyzed by multilateral techniques such as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy combined with an electrochemical cell (EC-XPS), 2,[5][6][7][8] in situ Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM), [23][24][25][26] in situ scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), [27][28][29][30][31] in addition to conventional electrochemical measurements such as rotating disk electrode (RDE), [32][33][34] channel flow electrode (CFE), 21,35,36 and channel flow double electrode (CFDE) methods. [37][38][39][40][41][42] Based on these results, new practical catalysts have been synthesized. [43][44]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research and Development of Highly Active and Durable Electrocatalysts Based on Multilateral Analyses of Fuel Cell Reactions

Uchida

2017

Electrochemistry

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In order to establish clear strategies for the design of electrocatalysts with high activity and high durability, fuel cell reactions have been analyzed by multilateral techniques. The use of monodisperse Pt or Pt-alloy nanocatalysts with uniform composition, which were highly dispersed over the whole surface of the carbon support by the nanocapsule method, contributed greatly in clarifying the effects of various properties (particle size, composition, and surface structure, etc.) towards the activity and durability for the anode and cathode in polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs). New catalyst layers have been developed in order to make the electrocatalysts work effectively specifically under low humidity. Several important concepts have been demonstrated for developing high-performance oxygen and hydrogen electrodes with high durability for a reversible solid oxide cell (R-SOC), which is expected to be a reciprocal direct energy converter between hydrogen and electricity with high efficiency.

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“…Platinum/ carbon (Pt/C) composite is demonstrated to be the most efficient catalyst used for fuel cells. [20][21][22] However, high price, scarcity, poor utilization efficiency, and easy carbon monoxide poisoning greatly limit its commercial applications. [23] Therefore, development of low-cost, stable, and efficient electrocatalysts for ORR is a major challenge in the field of fuel cells.…”

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Conducting‐Polymer‐Based Materials for Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage

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and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT). The highly conjugated polymer chains can be reversibly assigned electrochemical properties by a doping/dedoping process. [9][10][11] By regulating and controlling the level of doping, their conductivities can be tuned in a wide range, from 10 −10 to 10 4 S cm, spanning the entire range from insulators to semiconductors, to conductors. [12,13] Additionally, these conducting polymers retain the advantages of traditional polymers, such as low cost, convenient preparation, good affinity to many other materials, and high flexibility and durability. Recently, great efforts have been made to exploit the applications of conducting polymers as electrocatalysts for fuel cells and as electrode materials for supercapacitors. Considering the rapidly booming efforts undertaken in this cutting-edge research area, it is necessary to highlight the new discoveries and achievements in the past several years. Here, we introduce the latest advances in conducting-polymer-based materials for fuel cells and supercapacitors, and focus on the strategies employed to improve their electrocatalytic and electrochemical performance. Conducting-Polymer-Based Catalysts for Fuel CellsFuel cells are promising green energy-conversion devices that convert chemical energy of various fuels directly into electric energy under electrochemical redox reactions. This technology provides intriguing applications in portable energy sources [14,15] and has attracted increasing attention in recent years. [16][17][18][19] Such energy-conversion systems require highly efficient electrocatalysts to trigger the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) that occurs at the fuel cell's cathode. Platinum/ carbon (Pt/C) composite is demonstrated to be the most efficient catalyst used for fuel cells. [20][21][22] However, high price, scarcity, poor utilization efficiency, and easy carbon monoxide poisoning greatly limit its commercial applications. [23] Therefore, development of low-cost, stable, and efficient electrocatalysts for ORR is a major challenge in the field of fuel cells. [24][25][26][27][28] Owing to their highly tunable conductivity, good electrocatalytic activity, and satisfactory electrochemical stability, conducting polymers are considered to be promising electrocatalyst materials for the ORR. [29] Initially, conducting-polymer-based electrodes were fabricated through direct casting of neutral To alleviate the current energy crisis and environmental pollution, sustainable and ecofriendly energy conversion and storage systems are urgently needed. Due to their high conductivity, promising catalytic activity, and excellent electrochemical properties, conducting polymers have been attracting intense attention for use in electrochemical energy conversion and storage. Here, the latest advances regarding the utilization of conducting polymers for fuel cells and supercapacitors are introduced. The strategies employed to improve the electrocatalytic and electrochemical performances of conducting-polymerbased materials are prese...

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Particle-size effect of Pt cathode catalysts on durability in fuel cells

Cited by 117 publications

References 55 publications

A comprehensive review of Pt electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction: Nanostructure, activity, mechanism and carbon support in PEM fuel cells

A comprehensive review of Pt electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction: Nanostructure, activity, mechanism and carbon support in PEM fuel cells

Research and Development of Highly Active and Durable Electrocatalysts Based on Multilateral Analyses of Fuel Cell Reactions

Conducting‐Polymer‐Based Materials for Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage

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