“…Visual band imaging is highly matured and successful due to the advancement of sensor technology, availability of computing power, and high digital storage capacity [4,5,6]. However, the image processing task and applications are challenging if the visual images obtained under non-ideal environments [7,8,9]. The end result depends on the extent of external light source, which sometimes might be absent in environments when there are heavy clouds, fog, rain, snow, smoke, darkness, shadows and at night-time.…”