“…A common feature in meta-heuristic approaches is that they combine rules and randomness to imitate natural phenomena. These phenomena include the biological evolutionary process (e.g., the Genetic Algorithm (GA) [17][18] and the Differential Evolution (DE) [12][13]), animal behavior (e.g., Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) [14] and Ant Colony Algorithm (ACA) [15][16]), and the physical annealing process (e.g., Simulated Annealing (SA) [1,19]). These algorithms are one of the approximate optimization approaches that have mechanism of departing from local optimum.…”