Particle therapy in prostate cancer: a review

Greco, Carlo

doi:10.1038/sj.pcan.4500987

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…The therapeutic application of radionuclides, especially a-particle emitters in nuclear medicine (5-7), and the advent of proton-beam and other charged particle-beam therapies in radiotherapy (8,9) have highlighted the need for a well-defined dosimetry formalism and accompanying corresponding special named quantities applicable to deterministic effects. Several solutions have been proposed to address this problem.…”

Section: Proposed Quantity and Special Named Unit For Deterministic Ementioning

confidence: 99%

MIRD Commentary: Proposed Name for a Dosimetry Unit Applicable to Deterministic Biological Effects—The Barendsen (Bd)

et al. 2009

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A good name is better than precious ointment. Hebrew Ecclesiastes 7:1The fundamental physical quantity for relating all biologic effects to radiation exposure is the absorbed dose, the energy imparted per unit mass of tissue. Absorbed dose is expressed in units of joules per kilogram (J/kg) and is given the special name gray (Gy). Exposure to ionizing radiation may cause both deterministic and stochastic biologic effects. To account for the relative effect per unit absorbed dose that has been observed for different types of radiation, the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) has established radiation weighting factors for stochastic effects. The product of absorbed dose in Gy and the radiation weighting factor is defined as the equivalent dose. Equivalent dose values are designated by a special named unit, the sievert (Sv). Unlike the situation for stochastic effects, no well-defined formalism and associated special named quantities have been widely adopted for deterministic effects. The therapeutic application of radionuclides and, specifically, a-particle emitters in nuclear medicine has brought to the forefront the need for a well-defined dosimetry formalism applicable to deterministic effects that is accompanied by corresponding special named quantities. This commentary reviews recent proposals related to this issue and concludes with a recommendation to establish a new named quantity.

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Section: Proposed Quantity and Special Named Unit For Deterministic Ementioning

confidence: 99%

MIRD Commentary: Proposed Name for a Dosimetry Unit Applicable to Deterministic Biological Effects—The Barendsen (Bd)

et al. 2009

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“…Owing to the well-known unique dose distribution of protons ( 77 ), efforts have been made to adapt their benefits in PCa therapies. In particular, their ability to reduce irradiation to the adjacent OARs, thanks to the Bragg Peak ( 78 – 80 ), allows for a highly localized deposition of energy on the tumor ( 81 ).…”

Section: New Scenariosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Therapeutic Sequences in the Treatment of High-Risk Prostate Cancer: Paving the Way Towards Multimodal Tailored Approaches

et al. 2021

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Various definitions are currently in use to describe high-risk prostate cancer. This variety in definitions is important for patient counseling, since predicted outcomes depend on which classification is applied to identify patient’s prostate cancer risk category. Historically, strategies for the treatment of localized high-risk prostate cancer comprise local approaches such as surgery and radiotherapy, as well as systemic approaches such as hormonal therapy. Nevertheless, since high-risk prostate cancer patients remain the group with higher-risk of treatment failure and mortality rates, nowadays, novel treatment strategies, comprising hypofractionated-radiotherapy, second-generation antiandrogens, and hadrontherapy, are being explored in order to improve their long-term oncological outcomes. This narrative review aims to report the current management of high-risk prostate cancer and to explore the future perspectives in this clinical setting.

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“…Both proton beams and carbon ion beams stop at a certain depth in a material, and produce an energy surge known as a Bragg peak at the end of their range, whereas neutrons do not exhibit an energy surge. 5 The depth-dose profile of protons and carbon ion beams allows a highly localized deposition of energy that can be utilized for increasing the radiation doses to tumors while minimizing irradiation to adjacent normal tissues. Dose concentration and escalation without increase of risk is the most basic and important principle in RT.…”

Section: Physical Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particle radiotherapy for prostate cancer

Shioyama

Tsuji²,

Suefuji

et al. 2014

Int J of Urology

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Abbreviations & Acronyms 3DCRT = 3-dimensional conformal radiation therapy ADT = androgen deprivation therapy CGE = cobalt gray equivalent GI = gastrointestinal GU = genitourinary IMRT = intensity-modulated radiation therapy LBNL = Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory LET = linear energy transfer NIRS = National Institute of Radiological Sciences RT = radiotherapy SBRT = stereotactic body radiotherapy Abstract: Recent advances in external beam radiotherapy have allowed us to deliver higher doses to the tumors while decreasing doses to the surrounding tissues. Dose escalation using high-precision radiotherapy has improved the treatment outcomes of prostate cancer. Intensity-modulated radiation therapy has been widely used throughout the world as the most advanced form of photon radiotherapy. In contrast, particle radiotherapy has also been under development, and has been used as an effective and non-invasive radiation modality for prostate and other cancers. Among the particles used in such treatments, protons and carbon ions have the physical advantage that the dose can be focused on the tumor with only minimal exposure of the surrounding normal tissues. Furthermore, carbon ions also have radiobiological advantages that include higher killing effects on intrinsic radioresistant tumors, hypoxic tumor cells and tumor cells in the G0 or S phase. However, the degree of clinical benefit derived from these theoretical advantages in the treatment of prostate cancer has not been adequately determined. The present article reviews the available literature on the use of particle radiotherapy for prostate cancer as well as the literature on the physical and radiobiological properties of this treatment, and discusses the role and the relative merits of particle radiotherapy compared with current photon-based radiotherapy, with a focus on proton beam therapy and carbon ion radiotherapy.

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Particle therapy in prostate cancer: a review

Cited by 8 publications

References 70 publications

MIRD Commentary: Proposed Name for a Dosimetry Unit Applicable to Deterministic Biological Effects—The Barendsen (Bd)

MIRD Commentary: Proposed Name for a Dosimetry Unit Applicable to Deterministic Biological Effects—The Barendsen (Bd)

Therapeutic Sequences in the Treatment of High-Risk Prostate Cancer: Paving the Way Towards Multimodal Tailored Approaches

Particle radiotherapy for prostate cancer

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