Particulate black carbon and gaseous emission from brick kilns in Greater Dhaka region, Bangladesh

Haque, Imdadul; Nahar, Kamrun; Kabir, Humayun; Salam, Abdus

doi:10.1007/s11869-018-0596-y

Cited by 45 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Comparative emissions from similar kilns in the region appear in Table 3. The mean concentrations of CO 2 and SO 2 emissions from the FCBTKs in this study (46,175 mg/m 3 , 735 mg/m 3 , respectively) were observed to be higher in comparison to kilns in Bangladesh and India [18,25]. Comparison of CO 2 and SO 2 emissions from IDZKs (35,639 mg/m 3 and 371 mg/m 3 , respectively) in the present study indicates similarity to CO 2 emissions from most Indian kilns [25], but higher than in those from Bangladesh [18] or South Africa [26].…”

Section: Emission Factor Per Kilogram Of Brick Manufactured (G/kg Brick)mentioning

confidence: 43%

“…The mean concentrations of CO 2 and SO 2 emissions from the FCBTKs in this study (46,175 mg/m 3 , 735 mg/m 3 , respectively) were observed to be higher in comparison to kilns in Bangladesh and India [18,25]. Comparison of CO 2 and SO 2 emissions from IDZKs (35,639 mg/m 3 and 371 mg/m 3 , respectively) in the present study indicates similarity to CO 2 emissions from most Indian kilns [25], but higher than in those from Bangladesh [18] or South Africa [26]. SO 2 emissions were comparable with those from Bangladeshi kilns [18] but were higher than those in other Indian [25], Vietnamese [27], and South African kilns [26] (except for a VSBK in India).…”

Section: Emission Factor Per Kilogram Of Brick Manufactured (G/kg Brick)mentioning

confidence: 43%

“…In Nepal, the total height of a brick kiln chimney varies from 20 to 30 m. Considering the individual height of the chimney under measurements, a sample porthole (minimum 10 cm diameter) was made in the stack wall at a height of 10-15 m from the ground following BIS (Bureau of Indian Standards)/US EPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency) guidelines [8,18]. With respect to the latter, scaffolding was prepared with space to sit and mount the instruments at a height of at least 1 m below the porthole.…”

Section: Stack Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the DDK in India [25] had extremely low SO 2 concentrations (0.0047 mg/m 3 ) owing to the use of biomass fuel and not coal. PM 2.5 emission concentrations in FCBTKs (303 ± 152 mg/m 3 ) in Nepal were higher than those in India or Bangladesh [18,25]. IDZKs (148 ± 61 mg/m 3 ) had comparable emissions with kilns measured in Bangladesh and Vietnam [17,26], but were higher than the VSBK kiln and lower than DDK kilns in India [25].…”

Section: Emission Factor Per Kilogram Of Brick Manufactured (G/kg Brick)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Comparative Study of Stack Emissions from Straight-Line and Zigzag Brick Kilns in Nepal

et al. 2019

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Nepal has approximately 1000 operational brick kilns, which contribute significantly to ambient air pollution. They also account for 1.81% of the total bricks produced in the South Asian region. Little is known about their emissions, which are consequently not represented in regional/global emission inventories. This study compared emissions from seven brick kilns. Four were Fixed Chimney Bull’s Trench Kilns (FCBTKs) and three were Induced-Draught Zigzag Kilns (IDZKs). The concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), black carbon (BC), and particulate matter (PM) with a diameter less than 2.5 µm (PM2.5) were measured. The respective emission factors (EFs) were estimated using the carbon mass balance method. The average fuel-based EF for CO2, SO2, PM2.5, and BC were estimated as 1633 ± 134, 22 ± 22, 3.8 ± 2.6 and 0.6 ± 0.2 g per kg, respectively, for all FCBTKs. Those for IDZKs were 1981 ± 232, 24 ± 22, 3.1 ± 1, and 0.4 ± 0.2 g per kg, respectively. Overall, the study found that converting the technology from straight-line kilns to zigzag kilns can reduce PM2.5 emissions by ~20% and BC emissions by ~30%, based on emission factor estimates of per kilogram of fuel. While considering per kilogram of fired brick, emission reductions were approximately 40% for PM2.5 and 55% for BC, but this definitely depends on proper stacking and firing procedures.

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Section: Emission Factor Per Kilogram Of Brick Manufactured (G/kg Brick)mentioning

confidence: 43%

Section: Emission Factor Per Kilogram Of Brick Manufactured (G/kg Brick)mentioning

confidence: 43%

Section: Stack Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Emission Factor Per Kilogram Of Brick Manufactured (G/kg Brick)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Comparative Study of Stack Emissions from Straight-Line and Zigzag Brick Kilns in Nepal

et al. 2019

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“…As the transmission decreases attenuation increases. Attenuation factor for both BC and BrC were determined in PM loaded filters by using the following equations [24]:…”

Section: ) Attenuation Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emission of Carbonaceous Species from Biomass Burning in the Traditional Rural Cooking Stove in Bangladesh

Ahmed¹,

Das²,

Afser³

et al. 2018

OJAP

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Characterization of carbonaceous species from the particulate matters (PM) after combustion of seven commonly used biomass species, albizia tree (Albizia julibrissin), dry leaves (mahogany tree), jackfruit tree (Artocarpus heterophyllus), rain tree (Samanea saman), mahogany tree (Swietenia mahogany), cow dung and mango tree (Mangifer aindica) was done. PM samples were collected on quartz fiber filters emitted from biomass burning in a typical rural cooking stove. PM loaded filters were characterized with scanning electron microscope (SEM) for surface morphology, fourier transform infrared (FTIR) to determine the functional group of organic compounds. Black carbon (BC) and brown carbon (BrC) concentrations were determined with Aethalometer. A TOC analyzer was used to determine the total organic carbon (TOC) present in the biomass samples. The surface morphology was almost similar for all biomass burning PM samples. The average concentrations of BC and BrC were 5.85 ± 4.40 and 13.0 ± 8.80 μg•m −3 , respectively. The emission factors of BC and BrC were 1.08 ± 0.89 and 2.35 ± 1.67 mg•g −1 , respectively. Concentration of BC was the highest in dry leaves and the lowest in mango tree. The emission factors of the determined biomass followed the sequence-dry leaves of mahogany > albizia tree > jackfruit tree > rain tree > cow dung > mahogany tree > mango tree. PM from mango tree had lower emissions compared to the other biomass species used in this study.

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Long‐term trends in aerosol optical properties and their relationship with cloud properties over southern India and Sri Lanka

Chathurangika

Haque

Nyasulu

et al. 2022

Intl Journal of Climatology

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Particulate black carbon and gaseous emission from brick kilns in Greater Dhaka region, Bangladesh

Cited by 45 publications

References 23 publications

A Comparative Study of Stack Emissions from Straight-Line and Zigzag Brick Kilns in Nepal

A Comparative Study of Stack Emissions from Straight-Line and Zigzag Brick Kilns in Nepal

Emission of Carbonaceous Species from Biomass Burning in the Traditional Rural Cooking Stove in Bangladesh

Long‐term trends in aerosol optical properties and their relationship with cloud properties over southern India and Sri Lanka

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