Particulate emissions from a modern wood stove – Influence of KCl

Du, Yifan; Lin, Weigang; Glarborg, Peter

doi:10.1016/j.renene.2021.02.048

Cited by 16 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…However, the effects of addition of potassium or sodium are found to vary across systems. For example, potassium chloride (KCl) impregnation of birch wood in a wood stove increased the emission of larger particles (size ~ 200-500 nm) while reducing the emission of ultrafine particles [16]. In another study, Na addition promoted soot formation at low temperatures while inhibiting the same at higher temperatures (> 1373 K) [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…There have been several studies on the influence of potassium and sodium on soot formation in applied systems, such as biomass and coal combustion systems [7,[10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. For example, addition of potassium has been found to reduce soot concentration [7], diminish particulate matter emissions [10] and improve catalytic activity in soot oxidation process [10][11][12][13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Laser-induced fluorescence for studying the influence of potassium and sodium salts on PAH formation in sooting premixed flames

2022

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Previous studies have shown that alkali salts influence combustion processes and soot formation, although the effects seem to vary across systems. Moreover, fundamental studies on the effect of potassium and sodium salts on formation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), which are precursors in soot formation, are scarce. Here, we report a study in which the effects on PAH formation due to the addition of alkali metal salts (KCl, KOH, K2CO3, NaCl and NaOH) to premixed ethylene–air flames were investigated. Different size classes of PAHs were probed using both spectral and 2D measurements of laser-induced fluorescence (PAH-LIF) using the excitation wavelengths 266 nm and 532 nm, while detecting the fluorescence emission at selected wavelength ranges. Elastic light scattering (ELS) measurements were also used to complement the fluorescence data. It was found that potassium and sodium salts do not significantly influence the formation of small PAHs (2–3 rings), while decreasing the concentration of larger PAHs at higher heights above burner (HAB). Another important result was that the anion in the salt (Cl−, OH−, CO32−) negligibly influences the PAH and soot formation processes after dissociation of the salts.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser-induced fluorescence for studying the influence of potassium and sodium salts on PAH formation in sooting premixed flames

2022

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“…130,132 A recent study by Du et al suggested that that emission factors of condensed organic compounds in a domestic stove increased with increasing KCl content for KCl impregnated fuels due to increased heterogeneous condensation of semivolatile hydrocarbons on pre-existing ash particles. 133 Elsasser et al found that the organic fraction of PM emitted during the ignition phase was the main contributor to overall emissions in their logwood stove study. 134 Torvela et al found that impaired combustion conditions increased the level of condensable organics within the PM in a 40 kW grate combustion unit with PM 1 emissions of up to 160 g/GJ.…”

Section: Emissions Factors and Mitigationmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Decomposition products, such as furfural and eugenol which are formed from cellulose and lignin decomposition, are highly sooting since they can contribute to the main routes of soot formation, namely the HACA (hydrogen abstraction, carbon addition) mechanism which dominates in the case of furfural, and via cyclopentadienyl formation and reaction in the case of eugenol (Figure ). , Carbonaceous particles can agglomerate to form chains together with inorganic aerosol such as KCl and fragments of char. , A recent study by Du et al suggested that that emission factors of condensed organic compounds in a domestic stove increased with increasing KCl content for KCl impregnated fuels due to increased heterogeneous condensation of semivolatile hydrocarbons on pre-existing ash particles . Elsasser et al found that the organic fraction of PM emitted during the ignition phase was the main contributor to overall emissions in their logwood stove study .…”

Section: Emissions Factors and Mitigation Strategies For Biomass Comb...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Air Quality and Climate Impacts of Biomass Use as an Energy Source: A Review

Tomlin

2021

Energy Fuels

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Commitments made to meet the goals of the Paris Agreement, and the need to develop low carbon sources of power and heat, are likely to lead to the continued or even increased use of biomass as an energy source. Biomass is already replacing coal within large scale electricity generation systems. At smaller scales it is utilized within combined heat and power systems, as well domestically for the provision of heat. Unabated, biomass combustion leads to a range of pollutant emissions, including CO, CO2, methane, and black and organic carbon, which are of relevance from a climate perspective, as well as particulate matter, nitrogen oxides, volatile organic compounds, dioxins, furans and precursors of ozone, and secondary organic aerosols, which impact on air quality (AQ) and human health. Epidemiological data suggests that biomass smoke contributes to at least 40 000 premature deaths per year in Europe, as well as negatively affecting respiratory and cardiovascular health. Hence, if biomass is to be used as a future energy source, its AQ impacts need to be addressed. Here, a short review is provided of the potential climate and AQ impacts of the direct use of solid biomass as a fuel for the provision of power and heat. This review provides a brief summary of the chemical and physical characteristics of emissions from biomass utilization for energy provision. The impacts of biomass burning on ambient AQ and health (in particular for fine particulates) are addressed in both outdoor and indoor environments and for industrialized and developing countries. Issues of appliance scale, and how these influence available mitigation options, emissions factors, and regulatory limits for biomass combustors, are discussed. Final perspectives are offered, from the point of view of the need to develop “win–win” strategies for the future utilization of biomass which minimize both climate and air quality impacts.

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“…Further, recommends the implementation of strict regulations to reduce PM emission levels and enhance air quality. [39], investigated the effectiveness of wood pellet emissions using potassium chloride (Kcl). In the study, wood logs were compared under various circumstances, both with and without Kcl.…”

Section: Wood-fueled Water Heater (Wfhw)mentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of water heating systems: A Focus on hybrid technologies prospect in Nigeria

AYODEJI¹

2023

Clean Energy Technol J

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The rising energy demand necessitates a rapid transition to renewable energy and efficient technologies. The Nigerian household sector consumes enormous energy to meet domestic needs such as water heating. Furthermore, rising electricity costs hinders the commercial use of electric water heaters. As a result, energy users rely on conventional methods of heating water. In general, over-reliance on traditional water-heating systems have resulted in envi-ronmental degradation and public health crises. Adopting energy-efficient technologies may improve energy security, mitigate energy crises, reduce costs, and further optimize household energy consumption. This paper provides a comprehensive review of existing and emerging water-heating systems with a summary of recent innovations in water- heating systems. Var-ious types of hybrid and renewable water heating systems, as well as their configurations, are examined. In addition, relevant studies on different water-heating technologies are reviewed and classified according to their contribution, study type, and technology. The review findings are well articulated, and policy recommendations for solar water heating systems are made. This review's findings identify research gaps in the hybrid water-heating technology in Nige-ria. This survey provides insight into solar and hybrid solar systems as an alternative solution to fossil-fuel-based water heating systems.

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Particulate emissions from a modern wood stove – Influence of KCl

Cited by 16 publications

References 77 publications

Laser-induced fluorescence for studying the influence of potassium and sodium salts on PAH formation in sooting premixed flames

Laser-induced fluorescence for studying the influence of potassium and sodium salts on PAH formation in sooting premixed flames

Air Quality and Climate Impacts of Biomass Use as an Energy Source: A Review

A review of water heating systems: A Focus on hybrid technologies prospect in Nigeria

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