Particulate Emissions from a Stationary Engine Fueled with Ultra-Low-Sulfur Diesel and Waste-Cooking-Oil-Derived Biodiesel

Abstract

Stationary diesel engines, especially diesel generators, are increasingly being used in both developing countries and developed countries because of increased power demand. Emissions from such engines can have adverse effects on the environment and public health. In this study, particulate emissions from a domestic stationary diesel generator running on ultra-low-sulfur diesel (ULSD) and biodiesel derived from waste cooking oil were characterized for different load conditions. Results indicated a reduction in particulate matter (PM) mass and number emissions while switching diesel to biodiesel. With increase in engine load, it was observed that particle mass increased, although total particle counts decreased for all the fuels. The reduction in total number concentration at higher loads was, however, dependent on percentage of biodiesel in the dieselbiodiesel blend. For pure biodiesel (B100), the reduction in PM emissions for full load compared to idle mode was around 9%, whereas for ULSD the reduction was 26%. A large fraction of ultrafine particles (UFPs) was found in the emissions from biodiesel compared to ULSD. Nearly 90% of total particle concentration in biodiesel emissions comprised ultrafine particles. Particle peak diameter shifted from a smaller to a lower diameter with increase in biodiesel percentage in the fuel mixture.

Characterization and comparison of oxidative potential of real-world biodiesel and petroleum diesel particulate matter emitted from a nonroad heavy duty diesel engine

“…Gangwar et al (2012) found that B20 PM (biodiesel from karanja oil) contained higher concentrations of Fe, Mn, and Cr, whereas the Cu concentration in diesel PM was higher. Betha and Balasubramanian (2011) determined that Zn, Cr, Cu, Fe, and Ni concentrations were higher in B100 PM (waste grease derived biodiesel). The current study suggests the importance of fuel sources and the biodiesel feedstock to metals (versus contributions from engine wear).…”

Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Particulate Emissions from Diesel Engines Fuelled with Waste Cooking Oil Derived Biodiesel and Ultra Low Sulphur Diesel

“…However, it is to be noted that in this study the carcinogenic risk due to particulate bound elements was used as a measure to evaluate the total carcinogenic risk. A more comprehensive and extensive research needs to be done to evaluate the complete risk assessment including many other carcinogenic compounds such as In the case of PAHs the the risk assessment for PAHs that are probable and possible human carcinogens were calculated using petency equivalency factor (PEF) relative to BaP and the CDI calculated from Eq (7). Table 5 shows the PAHs with know PEFs (Collins et al, 1998 Carcinogenic risk due to individual PAHs is calculated as product of CDI and PEF.…”

“…Particle size distributions of emissions at different loads for ULSD, B50, WCOB (B100)(Betha et al, 2011a) …”

Experimental Investigation of Particulate Matter Emissions from a Single Cylinder Diesel Engine Fuelled With Waste Cooking Oil Biodiesel

“…They suggested that WCO biodiesel and pentanol blends can be regarded as an acceptable alternative fuel for diesel engines due to their improved combustion performance and reduced particulate emissions. Betha et al [11] studied particulate emissions from a domestic stationary diesel generator running on ultralow sulphur diesel and WCO biodiesel under different load conditions. Their results showed a decrease in particulate mass and number emissions when the fuel was switched from diesel to WCO biodiesel.…”