Particulate Matter Containing Environmentally Persistent Free Radicals and Adverse Infant Respiratory Health Effects: A Review

Saravia, Jordy; Lee, Greg I.; Lomnicki, Slawo; Dellinger, Barry; Cormier, Stephania A.

doi:10.1002/jbt.21465

Cited by 104 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 116 publications

(127 reference statements)

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“…EPFRs are a risk to human health through both acute 2,8–12 and chronic exposure. 11,13 Further, they are intermediates in the formation of polychlorinated dibenzo- p -dioxins and polychlorinated furans (PCDD/F).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Particulate Matter Mineral Composition on Environmentally Persistent Free Radical (EPFR) Formation

Feld-Cook

Bovenkamp-Langlois

Lomnicki

2017

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Environmentally Persistent Free Radicals (EPFRs) are newly discovered, long-lived surface bound radicals that form on particulate matter and combustion borne particulates, such as fly ash. Human exposure to such particulates lead to translocation into the lungs and heart resulting in cardio-vascular and respiratory disease through the production of reactive oxygen species. Analysis of some waste incinerator fly ashes revealed a significant difference between their EPFR contents. Although EPFR formation occurs on the metal domains, these differences were correlated with the altering concentration of calcium and sulfur. To analyze these phenomena, surrogate fly ashes were synthesized to mimic the presence of their major mineral components, including metal oxides, calcium, and sulfur. The results of this study led to the conclusion that the presence of sulfates limits formation of EPFRs due to inhibition or poisoning of the transition metal active sites necessary for their formation. These findings provide a pathway toward understanding differences in EPFR presence on particulate matter and uncover the possibility of remediating EPFRs from incineration and hazardous waste sites.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The overproduction of ROS results in oxidative stress increasing susceptibility to respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. 1,4,12,13,16–21 The condensation reactions that EPFRs undergo to form PCDD/Fs constitute another significant environmental and health risk that calls for EPFR prevention.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Particulate Matter Mineral Composition on Environmentally Persistent Free Radical (EPFR) Formation

Feld-Cook

Bovenkamp-Langlois

Lomnicki

2017

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…Epidemiological studies investigating the impact of particulate matter on the human population have shown a negative correlation between the amount of PM in air and human health (Jędrychowski et al, 2011;Weuve, 2012;Saravia et al, 2013;Hsu et al, 2015). It has been estimated that exposure to PM causes approximately 2.1 million premature deaths annually worldwide, associated with cardiopulmonary diseases and lung cancer (Silva et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particulate matter accumulation – further differences between native Prunus padusand non-native P. serotina

Popek¹,

Łukowski²,

Karolewski³

2017

Dendrobiology

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Particulate matter accumulation -further differences between native Prunus padus and non-native P. serotina Received: 14 April 2017; Accepted: 23 June 2017 Abstract: Particulate matter (PM) is one of the most harmful inhaled pollutants. Where pollutants have been emitted into the atmosphere, the most effective method for cleaning the air is through phytoremediation, whereby plants act as biological filters. PM has a negative impact on plants, but knowledge of PM effects on the photosynthetic apparatus is limited. In European forests, species of the genus Prunus L. play a key role in the composition of the forest understory and urban as well as industrial plantings. Shrubs of the native P. padus L. and closely-related invasive alien P. serotina Ehrh. are particularly widespread. Thus, both are good model species in which to study the impact of PM pollution. The aim of this study was to assess the accumulation of PM in the context of leaf morphology and amount of epicuticular waxes on foliage, and the efficiency of the photosynthetic apparatus of P. padus and P. serotina. The study was conducted under controlled conditions using two variants of dust, cement and roadside PM. In addition, we analyzed the absorption of dust by leaves dividing it into three fractions by size (10−100 µm, 2.5−10 µm and 0.2−2.5 µm). Results showed that both P. padus and P. serotina accumulate PM mostly on the surface of their leaves ( S PM), rather than in the wax layer ( W PM). P. padus accumulated higher amounts of PM than did P. serotina. The higher presence of PM on leaves of P. padus resulted in a reduction of the efficiency of the photosynthetic apparatus, manifested by lower rates of photosynthesis and chlorophyll a fluorescence, coinciding with an increased stomatal resistance. A strong negative correlation was found between the amount of PM accumulation and the efficiency of the photosynthetic apparatus in P. padus, but not in P. serotina. We have concluded that alien P. serotina is more tolerant to the conditions of stress caused by PM pollution than is the native P. padus, which may partly explain its success in the invasion in Europe.

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“…Due to their ability to deposit deep in the lower airways, the smaller classes of PM are more apt to cause respiratory toxicity and dysfunction. Furthermore, various chemical compounds bound to these small particles, such as PAHs, may eventually enhance (or at least contribute to) the PM-induced adverse health effects (Kim et al, 2013;Saravia et al, 2013 (IARC, 2002(IARC, , 2010. The mean concentrations of these 10 carcinogenic PAHs (i.e., Σ PAHscarc ) in indoor PM, gas-phase, and in indoor air are reported also in Table 2.…”

Section: Outdoor Pahs and Source Identificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: levels and phase distributions in preschool microenvironment

et al. 2014

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This work aims to characterize levels and phase distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in indoor air of preschool environment and to assess the impact of outdoor PAH emissions to indoor environment. Gaseous and particulate (PM 1 and PM 2.5 ) PAHs (16 USEPA priority pollutants, plus dibenzo [a,l] This study fills a gap providing information on levels and phase distribution (gas, and PM 1 and PM 2.5 -bound) of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) in preschool educational settings. Despite the current concerns about regulations of indoor pollutants, there is lack of studies on indoor and outdoor PAHs in education settings; in addition, no study reported information about PAHs in the finest fractions of particulates (such as PM 1 ) in schools or preschools. The high proportion of PAHs detected in the gas phase clearly demonstrates that adequate assessment of PAHs exposure requires consideration of the gaseous compounds, which are commonly neglected.

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Particulate Matter Containing Environmentally Persistent Free Radicals and Adverse Infant Respiratory Health Effects: A Review

Cited by 104 publications

References 116 publications

Effect of Particulate Matter Mineral Composition on Environmentally Persistent Free Radical (EPFR) Formation

Effect of Particulate Matter Mineral Composition on Environmentally Persistent Free Radical (EPFR) Formation

Particulate matter accumulation – further differences between native Prunus padusand non-native P. serotina

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: levels and phase distributions in preschool microenvironment

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