Particulate Matter in Swine Barns: A Comprehensive Review

Yang, Xufei; Haleem, Noor; Osabutey, Augustina; Cen, Zhisheng; Albert, Karlee L.; Autenrieth, Daniel

doi:10.3390/atmos13030490

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 417 publications

(1,253 reference statements)

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“…Nevertheless, we assume that moulds are not dominant in our samples, since we found only a small number of specific fungal peptides. This has already been noted in other studies examining culturable bacteria and fungi in bioaerosols from pig barns with conventional livestock farming (Yang et al, 2022). In general, it can be assumed that keeping pigs on slats, without straw bedding on the ground, the fungal load plays a rather minor role in bioaerosols.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 74%

Bioaerosols in swine confinement buildings: A metaproteomic view

Meyer,

Hüttig,

Zenk

et al. 2023

Environ Microbiol Rep

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Swine confinement buildings represent workplaces with high biological air pollution. It is suspected that individual components of inhalable air are causatives of chronic respiratory disease that are regularly detected among workers. In order to understand the relationship between exposure and stress, it is necessary to study the components of bioaerosols in more detail. For this purpose, bioaerosols from pig barns were collected on quartz filters and analysed via a combinatorial approach of 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and metaproteomics. The study reveals the presence of peptides from pigs, their feed and microorganisms. The proportion of fungal peptides detected is considered to be underrepresented compared to bacterial peptides. In addition, the metaproteomic workflow enabled functional predictions about the discovered peptides. Housekeeping proteins were found in particular, but also evidence for the presence of bacterial virulence factors (e.g., serralysin‐like metalloprotease) as well as plant (e.g., chitinase) and fungal allergens (e.g., alt a10). Metaproteomic analyses can thus be used to identify factors that may be relevant to the health of pig farmers. Accordingly, such studies could be used in the future to assess the adverse health potential of an occupationally relevant bioaerosol and help consider defined protective strategies for workers.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 74%

Bioaerosols in swine confinement buildings: A metaproteomic view

Meyer,

Hüttig,

Zenk

et al. 2023

Environ Microbiol Rep

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“…Furthermore, over the last several decades and additionally intensified during the COVID-19 pandemic, there are newer control technologies in the developmental stage that may eventually be scalable toward farm-scale airborne disease transmission mitigation. Previous reviews have focused on general biosecurity measures ( 35 ) without much emphasis on aerosols. Some exceptions include identifying aerosol pollutants and the design of ventilation systems ( 35 , 36 ) in poultry and swine farms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous reviews have focused on general biosecurity measures ( 35 ) without much emphasis on aerosols. Some exceptions include identifying aerosol pollutants and the design of ventilation systems ( 35 , 36 ) in poultry and swine farms. In addition, La et al ( 37 ), reviewed different methods for aerosol research in virus transmission including PRRSV and African swine fever virus.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control technologies to prevent aerosol-based disease transmission in animal agriculture production settings: a review of established and emerging approaches

Ouyang,

Wang,

Sapkota

et al. 2023

Front. Vet. Sci.

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Transmission of infectious agents via aerosols is an ever-present concern in animal agriculture production settings, as the aerosol route to disease transmission can lead to difficult-to-control and costly diseases, such as porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus and influenza A virus. It is increasingly necessary to implement control technologies to mitigate aerosol-based disease transmission. Here, we review currently utilized and prospective future aerosol control technologies to collect and potentially inactivate pathogens in aerosols, with an emphasis on technologies that can be incorporated into mechanically driven (forced air) ventilation systems to prevent aerosol-based disease spread from facility to facility. Broadly, we find that control technologies can be grouped into three categories: (1) currently implemented technologies; (2) scaled technologies used in industrial and medical settings; and (3) emerging technologies. Category (1) solely consists of fibrous filter media, which have been demonstrated to reduce the spread of PRRSV between swine production facilities. We review the mechanisms by which filters function and are rated (minimum efficiency reporting values). Category (2) consists of electrostatic precipitators (ESPs), used industrially to collect aerosol particles in higher flow rate systems, and ultraviolet C (UV-C) systems, used in medical settings to inactivate pathogens. Finally, category (3) consists of a variety of technologies, including ionization-based systems, microwaves, and those generating reactive oxygen species, often with the goal of pathogen inactivation in aerosols. As such technologies are typically first tested through varied means at the laboratory scale, we additionally review control technology testing techniques at various stages of development, from laboratory studies to field demonstration, and in doing so, suggest uniform testing and report standards are needed. Testing standards should consider the cost–benefit of implementing the technologies applicable to the livestock species of interest. Finally, we examine economic models for implementing aerosol control technologies, defining the collected infectious particles per unit energy demand.

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