Particulate matter mass measurements for low emitting diesel powered vehicles: what's next?

Vouitsis, Elias; Ntziachristos, Leónidas; Samaras, Zissis

doi:10.1016/j.pecs.2003.08.002

Cited by 57 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Particulate emissions can be classified as potential occupational carcinogen and can have a number of other negative health impacts associated with exposure [3][4][5][6]. It is generally agreed that diesel engines used in transport systems represent an important source of ambient particulate matter [7]. These concerns are reflected in increasingly more stringent regulations to limit engine emissions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combustion and emissions characteristics of a dual fuel engine operated on alternative gaseous fuels

Mustafi

Raine

Verhelst

2013

Fuel

203

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Among the different efforts towards the reduction in pollutant emissions from direct injection (DI) diesel engines, the use of gaseous fuels as a partial supplement for diesel fuel has been proposed by many researchers. These engines are known as dual fuel engines. An experimental investigation was performed to investigate the influence of dual-fuel combustion on the performance and exhaust emissions of a DI diesel engine fueled with natural gas (NG) and biogas. In this work, the combustion pressure and the rate of heat release were evaluated experimentally in order to analyze the combustion characteristics and their effects on exhaust emissions including particulate matter (PM) for single-fuel (diesel) and dual fuel combustion modes. The use of NG as an alternative fuel is a promising solution.Biogas, on the other hand, is a renewable alternative fuel that has tremendous potential to be used in diesel engines especially in developing nations. Comparative results are presented revealing the effect of dual fuel combustion on engine performance and exhaust gaseous and PM emissions for the engine operating conditions considered in this study.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combustion and emissions characteristics of a dual fuel engine operated on alternative gaseous fuels

Mustafi

Raine

Verhelst

2013

Fuel

203

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“…Particulate emissions can be classified as potential occupational carcinogen and can have a number of other negative health impacts associated with exposure (Zhu et al 2005). It is generally agreed that diesel engines used in transport systems represent an important source of ambient particulate matter (Vouitsis et al 2003). Diesel engines emit fine and ultrafine (particles having diameter of less than 100 nm) particles that can easily penetrate deep into the respiratory system (Kennedy et al 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Exhaust Particulates from a Dual Fuel Engine by TGA, XPS, and Raman Techniques

Mustafi

Raine

James

2010

Aerosol Science and Technology

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Particulate matter (PM) emitted from a dual fuel engine is characterized using thermogravimetry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Raman spectroscopy. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) provides the mass fractions of elemental carbon and volatile materials in PM; XPS provides the possible chemical compositions in the topmost layer of PM surface and Raman analysis provides the possible structure of the carbon presented in PM. Dual fuel engine uses both liquid (diesel) and gaseous fuels simultaneously to produce mechanical power and can be switched to only diesel fueling under load. The dual fuel engine is operated with natural gas and simulated biogases (laboratory prepared) and results are compared between the dual fueling and diesel fueling under the same engine operating conditions. Significantly higher volatile fractions in PM are obtained for dual fueling compared to diesel fueling complementing the gravimetric results. The maximum contribution of the graphitic carbon or aliphatic carbon such as hydrocarbons and paraffins (C C or C C) are found in the topmost atomic layers of both the diesel and dual fuel PM samples. The other chemical states are found to be the carbon-oxygen functional groups indicating significant oxidation behavior in the PM surface. Lesser aromatic content is noticed in the case of dual fuel PM than diesel PM. The carbon in dual fuel PM is found to be more amorphous compared to diesel PM. These characterizations provide us new information how the PM from a diesel engine can be different from that from a dual fuel engine.

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“…Measurements at the lowered PM standards require more than just a commensurate increase in instrument sensitivity (Vouitsis, Ntziachristos, & Samaras, 2003). Below about 5 mg/km, the regulatory method for PM mass measurement faces qualitatively new challenges as effects from temperature, humidity, electrostatic charge, and gas phase adsorption become comparable to the mass collected by filter media (Chase, Duszkiewicz, Lewis, & Podsiadlik, 2005;Chase et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical characterization of particulate emissions from diesel engines: A review

Maricq

2007

Journal of Aerosol Science

761

122

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Particulate matter mass measurements for low emitting diesel powered vehicles: what's next?

Cited by 57 publications

References 35 publications

Combustion and emissions characteristics of a dual fuel engine operated on alternative gaseous fuels

Combustion and emissions characteristics of a dual fuel engine operated on alternative gaseous fuels

Characterization of Exhaust Particulates from a Dual Fuel Engine by TGA, XPS, and Raman Techniques

Chemical characterization of particulate emissions from diesel engines: A review

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