Particulate organic matter flux and planktonic new production in the deep ocean

Eppley, Richard W.; Peterson, Bruce J.

doi:10.1038/282677a0

Cited by 2,371 publications

(1,472 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…However, organic selenide might be found if its production rate (through regeneration) is fast, or its removal rate (by uptake or oxidation) is slow. Regeneration rates of nitrogen and carbon have been estimated to be the difference between the rates of primary production and new production (Eppley and Peterson 1979). Such data are available for both the VERTEX II site and the mesotrophic California Current during the VER-TEX I cruise in August 1980.…”

Section: Results Und Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The marine biogeochemistry of selenium: A re‐evaluation1

Cutter

Bruland

1984

Limnology & Oceanography

304

206

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Vertical and horizontal profiles from the North and South Pacific Oceans demonstrate the existence of three species of dissolved selenium: selenite, selenate, and organic selenide (operationally defined). In surface waters, organic selenide makes up about 80% of the total dissolved selenium, selenite concentrations are uniformly low, and selenate concentrations rise with increased vertical mixing. The organic selenide maximum (thought to consist of seleno-amino acids in peptides) coincides with the maxima of primary productivity, pigments, bioluminescence, and dissolved free amino acids. Deep ocean waters are enriched in selenite and selenate, while organic selenide is nondetectable. In suboxic waters of the tropical northeastern Pacific, organic selenide concentrations rise, while selenite values decrease. The downward flux of particulate selenium generally decreases with depth, and fluxing particulate selenium is found to be primarily in the (-2) oxidation state. These data allow a re-evaluation of the internal biogeochemical cycle of selenium. This cycle includes selective uptake, reductive incorporation, particulate transport, a multistep regeneration, and kinetic stabilization of thermodynamically unstable species.

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Section: Results Und Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The marine biogeochemistry of selenium: A re‐evaluation1

Cutter

Bruland

1984

Limnology & Oceanography

304

206

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“…Caron et al (1985) also found that respiration and, to a lesser extent, release of dissolved organic carbon by P. imperforata was tightly coupled to nutrient regeneration. Thus, as discussed previously , the marine microbial food web must be exceedingly complex with, at least, several grazing steps to achieve the high (90+ O/O) regeneration efficiencies attributed to microzooplankton by Eppley & Peterson (1979) and Jackson (1979).…”

Section: Dark Lncubat/o/v P€r/od (Days)mentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Moreover, bacteria are known to compete efficiently with phytoplankton for phosphorus (Rhee 1972, Faust & Correll 1976, Harrison et al 1977, Cunie & Kalff 1984. Decomposition pathways, thus, are probably unimportant for nutrient regeneration in dynamic environments such as pelagic surface waters where there is a reasonable balance between phototrophic and heterotrophic activity and where 90 + % of nutrients are believed to be recycled (Eppley & Peterson 1979) by microplankton <100pm in size (Harrison 1980) and sometimes < 10 pm (Glibert 1983).…”

Section: Role Of Microflagellates In Nutrient Regenerationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrient cycling in a microflagellate food chain: III. Phosphorus dynamics

Andersen¹,

Goldman²,

Caron³

et al. 1986

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

100

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As part of a series of grazing experiments in batch cultures, we found that the phagotrophlc microflagellate Paraphysomonas imperforata, while grazing on the diatom Phaeodactylum tn'cornutum or bacteria, was responsible for the bulk of phosphorus regeneration. Regeneration of soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) and dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) was negligible in control cultures of the diatom alone, bacteria alone, or the 2 microbes together. When the m~croflagellate grazed on prey organisms that had been precultured with excess nutrients or under nitrogen limitation there was considerable regeneration of total dissolved phosphorus (TDP = SRP + DOP). Rates of TDP regeneration were greatest during exponential growth of the microflagellate and then decreased through the transition and stationary phases. Overall, up to 70 % of the phosphorus initially incorporated into prey biomass was regenerated through the stationary phase. Total excretion of DOP was about 15 to 20% of TDP, although DOP excretion made up a larger fraction of total phosphorus excretion for short periods during the exponential phase of growth. When the prey were phosphoruslimited virtually no TDP was excreted throughout the entire growth cycle of the microflagellate. Our results indicate that Protozoa have higher weight-specific rates of phosphorus excretion than do Metazoa. Although metabolic activity is not the sole indicator of the role Protozoa play in the nutrient regeneration process, our results, together with those from size-fractionation studies on nutrient regeneration, point toward a major role for Protozoa in pelagic waters where they constitute a large fraction of the zooplankton biomass.

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“…It is a measure of the rate at which the biological carbon pump operates. Uptake of nitrate in the photic zone or flux of particulate organic matter out of the photic zone are direct measures of new production [Dugdale and Goering, 1967;Eppley and Peterson, 1979]. Since new production in the ocean is difficult to measure in-situ, it has been traditionally obtained from bottle incubations with •SN as a tracer to increase the sensitivity of detection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced new production observed from the diurnal cycle of nitrate in an oligotrophic anticyclonic eddy

Zhang

Wanninkhof

Lee

2001

Geophysical Research Letters

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Abstract. A diurnal study in an anticyclonic eddy provides the first evidence of nutrient dynamics consistent with the observed trends in solar radiation, oxygen concentration changes, and estimates of the eddy diffusive flux of nitrate from nitracline. A new production rate of 24 mmol C m -2 d 'l was determined from nitrate inventory changes at nM levels in the mixed layer using a liquid waveguide technique combined with eddy diffusion estimates across the base of the mixed layer from temporal changes in the vertical penetration of SF 6. The new production supported by nitrate from deepening of the mixed layer after storm events is two times larger than that from the daily diffusive flux. Our results demonstrate that new production in the oligotrophic ocean can be enhanced by a supply of nitrate through the eddy turbulence-induced diffusive flux and entrainment during storms.

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Particulate organic matter flux and planktonic new production in the deep ocean

Cited by 2,371 publications

References 17 publications

The marine biogeochemistry of selenium: A re‐evaluation1

The marine biogeochemistry of selenium: A re‐evaluation1

Nutrient cycling in a microflagellate food chain: III. Phosphorus dynamics

Enhanced new production observed from the diurnal cycle of nitrate in an oligotrophic anticyclonic eddy

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