Particulate sulfate levels at a rural site in Israel

Luria, Menachem; Lifschitz, Batia; Peleg, Mordechai

doi:10.1007/bf00051496

Cited by 22 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…As previously reported [Luria et al, 1989a] SO42-measured in Etzion during the period 1984-1986 showed a diurnal distribution with peak levels during the third time segment (1200-1800). Consistently higher values were also observed in the Jerusalem 1987Jerusalem -1988 data.…”

Section: The Diurnal Cyclesupporting

confidence: 81%

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Atmospheric sulfur over the east Mediterranean region

Luria¹,

Peleg²,

Sharf³

et al. 1996

J. Geophys. Res.

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111

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Particulate sulfate has been measured intermittently at various ground sites in Israel and from an instrumented aircraft for a 10-year period between 1984 and 1993. The measurements were accompanied by concurrent monitoring of primary and secondary air pollutants and meteorological parameters. In three studies, Etzion 1984, Jerusalem 1987, and Jerusalem 1990-1991 were taken for at least a year. The other studies were performed during summer months when higher levels of secondary pollutants, including particulate sulfate, were observed. In most of the studies samples were taken for four sequential 6-hour time segments. In one study, at Caesarea 1993, sulfate samples were taken only when wind flows were perpendicular to the coastline. The airborne measurements were performed along three north-south paths inside the planetary boundary layer, over the Mediterranean coast, over the Judea-Samaria mountains and over the Jordan Valley. Each flight path consisted of 30 to 45 minutes of continuous sampling of SO2 and one integrated sample of particulate sulfate. In all of our studies the concentration of particulate sulfate observed was relatively high compared .... 3 r with other world locations. The h•ghest values, occasionally exceeding 500 nmole rn , we e found during the summer. Wintertime levels were in the range of 50-100 nmole m '3. The annual average, calculated for the three long studies, is 100 q-15 nmole m '3, which is twice as high as predicted for the region by a global model and as high as reported for some of the more polluted regions in the US. Several indicators suggested that the origin of the sulfate in the region is not from local sources but the result of long range transport. The indicators include the lack of correlation between particulate sulfate and primary pollutants, the high sulfate to total sulfur values, the origin of the airmass back trajectories and the fact that similar levels were observed during concurrent periods at different sites. Throughout the study, higher concentration of particulate sulfate was found during the afternoon hours, especially during the summer and at the inland locations. The contribution to the afternoon elevated values could not be associated with long range transport and results probably from major sulfur emission sources located along the Israeli Mediterranean coast. of 1956-1987 [Stanhill and Moreshet, 1992]. This reduction might be attributed to the increasing particulate sulfate concentration in the region. Exposure to acidic aerosols may also pose a potential threat to health [Liang and Waldman, 1993; Waldman et al., 1993]. The possible association of fine particulates and sulfate and health effects was demonstrated by Dockery et al. [1993] in a study based on 15 years of air pollution and mortality data in six U.S. cities that indicated an increase of about 26ø/6 in mortality rate occurred in the more polluted of the cities (particulate sulfate long-term average concentration for the measuring period of about 13 gg m-3 or 135 nmole m-3), as compared with th...

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Section: The Diurnal Cyclesupporting

confidence: 81%

“…The seasonal variability of particulate sulfate in Israel was first reported in an earlier publication [Luria et al, 1989b], based on the 1984-1986 measurements. A more detailed annual cycle is shown in Figure 19 which shows a 21-point running average of the 1988 measurements.…”

Section: Seasonal Variabilitymentioning

confidence: 96%

Atmospheric sulfur over the east Mediterranean region

Luria¹,

Peleg²,

Sharf³

et al. 1996

J. Geophys. Res.

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111

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“…Some of this anomaly can be explained by biogenic generation of marine dimethylsulphide which is emitted into the atmosphere and transformed into sulphate containing compounds (Ganor et al, 2000b) and some by industrial activity along Israel's coastline, but most of it is attributed to long-range transport of sulphur containing air masses from Europe (Foner and Ganor, 1992;Ganor et al, 1993;Levin et al, 1990;Luria et al, 1989Luria et al, , 1996Mamane and Gottlieb, 1995;Singer et al, 1993;Singer, 1994;Sobanska et al, 2003). These anomalous sulphate levels have been found in air masses from as far south as the Negev Desert (Sobanska et al, 2003) to as far north as the vicinity of Damascus, Syria, approximately 100 km NE of Lake Kinneret (Cornille et al, 1990).…”

Section: Constituentmentioning

confidence: 99%

The chemical composition and sources of the bulk deposition on Lake Kinneret (The Sea of Galilee), Israel

Foner

Ganor

Gravenhorst

2009

Journal of Arid Environments

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“…PM concentrations in urban areas such as the coastal city of Tel Aviv are even higher due to anthropogenic SO 4 locally produced or transported from Europe (Foner and Ganor, 1992). Rural locations in Israel have also been impacted by the advection of SO 4 particles originating from Europe (Luria et al, 1989).…”

Section: Israel and Taiwanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of PM2.5 Surface Concentrations Simulated by Version 1 of NASA’s MERRA Aerosol Reanalysis over Israel and Taiwan

Provençal

Buchard

Silva

et al. 2017

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Version 1 of the NASA MERRA Aerosol Reanalysis (MERRAero) assimilates bias-corrected aerosol optical depth (AOD) data from MODIS-Terra and MODIS-Aqua, and simulates particulate matter (PM) concentration data to reproduce a consistent database of AOD and PM concentration around the world from 2002 to the end of 2015. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate MERRAero's simulation of fine PM concentration against surface measurements in two regions of the world with relatively high levels of PM concentration but with profoundly different PM composition, those of Israel and Taiwan. Being surrounded by major deserts, Israel's PM load is characterized by a significant contribution of mineral dust, and secondary contributions of sea salt particles, given its proximity to the Mediterranean Sea, and sulfate particles originating from Israel's own urban activities and transported from Europe. Taiwan's PM load is composed primarily of anthropogenic particles (sulfate, nitrate and carbonaceous particles) locally produced or transported from China, with an additional contribution of springtime transport of mineral dust originating from Chinese and Mongolian deserts. The evaluation in Israel produced favorable results with MERRAero slightly overestimating measurements by 6% on average and reproducing an excellent year-to-year and seasonal fluctuation. The evaluation in Taiwan was less favorable with MERRAero underestimating measurements by 42% on average. Two likely reasons explain this discrepancy: emissions of anthropogenic PM and their precursors are largely uncertain in China, and MERRAero doesn't include nitrate particles in its simulation, a pollutant of predominately anthropogenic sources. MERRAero nevertheless simulates well the concentration of fine PM during the summer, when Taiwan is least affected by the advection of pollution from China.

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Particulate sulfate levels at a rural site in Israel

Cited by 22 publications

References 17 publications

Atmospheric sulfur over the east Mediterranean region

Atmospheric sulfur over the east Mediterranean region

The chemical composition and sources of the bulk deposition on Lake Kinneret (The Sea of Galilee), Israel

Evaluation of PM2.5 Surface Concentrations Simulated by Version 1 of NASA’s MERRA Aerosol Reanalysis over Israel and Taiwan

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