Partitioning Behavior of Heavy Metals and Persistent Organic Pollutants among Feto–Maternal Bloods and Tissues

Kim, Jun-Tae; Son, Min-Hui; Lee, Duk-Hee; Seong, Won Joon; Han, Seunghee; Chang, Yoon Seok

doi:10.1021/es5051309

Cited by 51 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…PCA has been used to a certain extent to quantify correlations among exposures to environmental chemicals (Frederiksen et al, 2009; Kim et al, 2015; Robinson et al, 2015); recently, PCA was used to assess patterns of exposure to biomarkers of phthalates, parabens, certain pesticides and BPA among young children (Myridakis et al, 2015,2016). For this group of 3–5 year olds, PCA suggested seven distinct principal components which described almost 75% of the variance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co-exposure to non-persistent organic chemicals among American pre-school aged children: A pilot study

Calafat

Valentín-Blasini

et al. 2017

International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health

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Background General population human biomonitoring programs such as the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) in the United States suggest that chemical exposures are common. Exposures during childhood may affect health later in life, but biomonitoring data in NHANES among pre-school aged children are limited. Methods A convenience group of 122 3–5 year old American boys and girls were recruited in 2013 for a pilot study to assess the feasibility of collecting urine from young children and analyzing it for select chemical exposure biomarkers for future NHANES. Children were primarily Hispanic (64.8%); the remainder was divided between non-Hispanic black, and non-Hispanic white and “other.” We measured 52 urinary biomarkers: 13 phthalates and one non-phthalate plasticizer, five phenols and four parabens, 10 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and 19 pesticides. For each biomarker, we calculated descriptive statistics. We also calculated the number of biomarkers detected within each child, and performed principal components analysis (PCA). Results NHANES staff obtained permission to attempt collection of 60 mL urine from 3 to 5 year olds who participated in the 2013 NHANES health examination; 83% of children successfully provided the target volume. We detected 24 individual biomarkers of pesticides, phenols and parabens, phthalates/non-phthalate plasticizers, and PAHs in 95–100% of children. The median number of biomarkers detected was 37: nine pesticides, five phenols and parabens, 13 phthalates and non-phthalate plasticizers, and 10 PAHs. Biomarkers concentrations appear to be similar to national estimates among 6–11 year old children from previous NHANES. PCA suggested high within-class correlations among biomarkers. Conclusions These young children successfully adhered to the collection protocol and produced enough urine for the quantification of environmental biomarkers currently being measured in NHANES participants 6 years of age and older. Using the same analytical methods employed for the analysis of samples collected from older NHANES participants, in this sample of pre-school aged children we detected multiple chemicals including plasticizers, combustion products, personal-care product chemicals, and pesticides. Starting with NHANES 2015–2016, the NHANES biomonitoring program will include urinary biomarkers for 3–5 year old children to provide exposure data to select chemicals at the national level among this age group.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co-exposure to non-persistent organic chemicals among American pre-school aged children: A pilot study

Calafat

Valentín-Blasini

et al. 2017

International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health

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“…In fact, numerous studies have examined the relationships of environmental contaminants, such as PBDEs, within maternal serum, umbilical cord blood, and placenta tissues. The results of these studies indicate that transplacental transfer (TPT) of PBDEs does occur, and leads to fetal exposure during gestation 30–33 . For example, a study by Frederiksen et al found that PBDE exposure in the indoor environment, specifically from house dust ingestion, is linked to PBDE concentrations in maternal and umbilical cord plasma, which are additionally correlated with the PBDE concentrations measured in the paired placental tissues.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concentrations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and 2,4,6-tribromophenol in human placental tissues

Leonetti

Butt

Hoffman

et al. 2016

Environment International

100

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Legacy environmental contaminants such as polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are widely detected in human tissues. However, few studies have measured PBDEs in placental tissues, and there are no reported measurements of 2,4,6-tribromophenol (2,4,6-TBP) in placental tissues. Measurements of these contaminants are important for understanding potential fetal exposures, as these compounds have been shown to alter thyroid hormone regulation in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we measured a suite of PBDEs and 2,4,6-TBP in 102 human placental tissues collected between 2010–2011 in Durham County, North Carolina, USA. The most abundant PBDE congener detected was BDE-47, with a mean concentration of 5.09 ng/g lipid (range: 0.12–141 ng/g lipid; detection frequency 91%); however, 2,4,6-TBP was ubiquitously detected and present at higher concentrations with a mean concentration of 15.4 ng/g lipid (range:1.31–316 ng/g lipid; detection frequency 100%). BDE-209 was also detected in more than 50% of the samples, and was significantly associated with 2,4,6-TBP in placental tissues, suggesting they may have a similar source, or that 2,4,6-TBP may be a degradation product of BDE-209. Interestingly, BDE-209 and 2,4,6-TBP were negatively associated with age (rs=−0.16; p=0.10 and rs=−0.17; p=0.08, respectively). The results of this work indicate that PBDEs and 2,4,6-TBP bioaccumulate in human placenta tissue and likely contribute to prenatal exposures to these environmental contaminants. Future studies are needed to determine if these joint exposures are associated with any adverse health measures in infants and children.

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“…It is still possible that fine-scale differences in the lipid profiles between sexes may be driving these observed BFR bioaccumulation rates, and future research should utilize a lipidomic assessment of placenta tissue in order to fully characterize the lipid molecule profile of placental tissues. This is important because PBDEs have been shown to differentially bind to various classes of lipoproteins, and there may exist sex differences in the expression of placenta lipoproteins [49, 50]. One additional explanation of differences in BFR bioaccumulation rates may be that the placental tissue expression of TH transporting membrane proteins, including monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs), System-L amino acid transporters (LATs), and organic-anionic transport protein (OATPs), is sexually dimorphic.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brominated flame retardants in placental tissues: associations with infant sex and thyroid hormone endpoints

et al. 2016

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BackgroundBrominated flame retardants (BFRs) are endocrine disruptors that bioaccumulate in the placenta, but it remains unclear if they disrupt tissue thyroid hormone (TH) metabolism. Our primary goal was to investigate associations between placental BFRs, TH levels, Type 3 deiodinase (DIO3) activity and TH sulfotransferase (SULT) activities.MethodsPlacenta samples collected from 95 women who delivered term (>37 weeks) infants in Durham, NC, USA (enrolled 2010–2011) were analyzed for polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), 2,4,6-tribromophenol (2,4,6-TBP), THs (T4, T3 and rT3), and DIO3 and TH SULT activities.ResultsPBDEs and 2,4,6-TBP were detected in all placenta samples. PBDEs were higher in placental tissues from male infants compared to female infants, with 2,4,6-TBP and BDE-209 levels approximately twice as high. Among male infants, placental BDE-99 and BDE-209 were negatively associated with rT3 placental levels. For female infants, placental BDE-99 and 2,4,6-TBP were positively associated with T3 concentrations. DIO3 activity was also significantly higher in placental tissues from male infants compared to females, while 3,3’-T2 SULT activity was significantly higher in placental tissues from females compared to males. Among males, several PBDE congeners were positively correlated with T3 SULT, while BDE-99 was negatively associated with T3 SULT among females. Associations generally remained after adjustment for potential confounding by maternal age and gestational age at delivery.ConclusionsThese results suggest BFRs accumulate in the placenta and potentially alter TH function in a sex-specific manner, a possible mechanism to explain the sex-dependent impacts of environmental exposure on children’s growth and development. More research is needed to elucidate the effects of BFRs on placenta function during pregnancy, as well as the biological consequences of exposure and thyroid disruption.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12940-016-0199-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Partitioning Behavior of Heavy Metals and Persistent Organic Pollutants among Feto–Maternal Bloods and Tissues

Cited by 51 publications

References 69 publications

Co-exposure to non-persistent organic chemicals among American pre-school aged children: A pilot study

Co-exposure to non-persistent organic chemicals among American pre-school aged children: A pilot study

Concentrations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and 2,4,6-tribromophenol in human placental tissues

Brominated flame retardants in placental tissues: associations with infant sex and thyroid hormone endpoints

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