Partitioning of Carbohydrates in Annual and Perennial Cotton (<i>Gossypium hirsutum</i>L.)

Souza, José Gomes de; Silv, J. Vieira Da

doi:10.1093/jxb/38.7.1211

Cited by 42 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Drought stress frequently enhances allocation of dry matter to the roots, which can enhance water uptake (Leport et al, 2006). De Souza and Da Silv (1987), while analyzing the partitioning and distribution of photo-assimilates in annual and perennial cotton under drought stress, reported that the root-to-shoot dry matter ratio was high in perennial cotton, thereby showing a preferential accumulation of starch and dry matter in roots as an adaptation to drought. Thus, perennial cotton apparently owed its drought resistance to the partitioning of assimilates that favored starch accumulation and growth of the root system.…”

Section: Assimilate Partitioningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant Drought Stress: Effects, Mechanisms and Management

Farooq

Wahid²,

Kobayashi³

et al. 2009

Sustainable Agriculture

1,383

1,169

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-Scarcity of water is a severe environmental constraint to plant productivity. Drought-induced loss in crop yield probably exceeds losses from all other causes, since both the severity and duration of the stress are critical. Here, we have reviewed the effects of drought stress on the growth, phenology, water and nutrient relations, photosynthesis, assimilate partitioning, and respiration in plants. This article also describes the mechanism of drought resistance in plants on a morphological, physiological and molecular basis. Various management strategies have been proposed to cope with drought stress. Drought stress reduces leaf size, stem extension and root proliferation, disturbs plant water relations and reduces water-use efficiency. Plants display a variety of physiological and biochemical responses at cellular and whole-organism levels towards prevailing drought stress, thus making it a complex phenomenon. CO 2 assimilation by leaves is reduced mainly by stomatal closure, membrane damage and disturbed activity of various enzymes, especially those of CO 2 fixation and adenosine triphosphate synthesis. Enhanced metabolite flux through the photorespiratory pathway increases the oxidative load on the tissues as both processes generate reactive oxygen species. Injury caused by reactive oxygen species to biological macromolecules under drought stress is among the major deterrents to growth. Plants display a range of mechanisms to withstand drought stress. The major mechanisms include curtailed water loss by increased diffusive resistance, enhanced water uptake with prolific and deep root systems and its efficient use, and smaller and succulent leaves to reduce the transpirational loss. Among the nutrients, potassium ions help in osmotic adjustment; silicon increases root endodermal silicification and improves the cell water balance. Low-molecular-weight osmolytes, including glycinebetaine, proline and other amino acids, organic acids, and polyols, are crucial to sustain cellular functions under drought. Plant growth substances such as salicylic acid, auxins, gibberrellins, cytokinin and abscisic acid modulate the plant responses towards drought. Polyamines, citrulline and several enzymes act as antioxidants and reduce the adverse effects of water deficit. At molecular levels several drought-responsive genes and transcription factors have been identified, such as the dehydration-responsive element-binding gene, aquaporin, late embryogenesis abundant proteins and dehydrins. Plant drought tolerance can be managed by adopting strategies such as mass screening and breeding, marker-assisted selection and exogenous application of hormones and osmoprotectants to seed or growing plants, as well as engineering for drought resistance. drought response / stomatal oscillation / osmoprotectants / hormones / stress proteins / drought management / CO 2

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Section: Assimilate Partitioningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant Drought Stress: Effects, Mechanisms and Management

Farooq

Wahid²,

Kobayashi³

et al. 2009

Sustainable Agriculture

1,383

1,169

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Drought stress exalts the translocation of dry matter to roots to enhance water uptake (Leport et al, 2006). De Souza and Da Silv (1987) examined the photo-assimilates distribution and partitioning in perennial and annual cotton under drought stress. They found that root-to-shoot dry matter ratio was higher in perennial cotton, which was mainly due to the accumulation of starch and dry matter in roots under drought stress.…”

Section: Leaf Area Index (Lai)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth and developmental responses of crop plants under drought stress: a review

Anjum¹,

Ashraf

Zohaib³

et al. 2017

Zemdirbyste-Agriculture

182

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Please use the following format when citing the article: Anjum S. A., Ashraf U., Zohaib A., Tanveer M., Naeem M., Ali I., Nazir U., Tabassum T. AbstractWater deficit conditions are a bearing on plant growth and development leading to diminished crop productivity. However, improving the crop productivity is need of the time to sustain the food security under ever increasing world population. Drought episodes are increasing with varying intensity and duration. Drought stress imposes alterations in crucial plant growth and developmental processes, including germination, plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf size and area, dry matter production and partitioning, flower and fruit production, and maturity. Nonetheless, plants show some morphological changes to cope with drought stress by lowering water loss, enhanced water uptake and maintenance of tissue water status. Some plants complete their life cycle early before the onset of drought to escape water deficit conditions. Identification of effects of drought stress on morphological attributes and morphological changes in response to drought can be promising for selection and breeding of drought resistant genotypes.

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“…Perennials’ somewhat lower mean vegetative growth could be due to a slower growth rate and the early stage of growth at which the traits were measured (three weeks after planting), since some perennials have been shown to be able to achieve a higher total biomass than related annuals when the entire growing season is considered (Dohleman & Long, 2009). Previous studies have also found that vegetative growth, root, and shoot biomass are similar between closely related annuals and perennials, up to 40 days of growth, before their resource allocation patterns diverge (De Souza et al, 1987; Garnier, 1992). The significance of plant health in vegetative linear models for stem height and node number may reflect a greater sensitivity of response in stem length traits to environmental stressors compared to stem diameter; the health effect on root dry mass and derived traits (total dry mass and root mass fraction) may be due to a lower sample size for these traits compared to shoot dry mass alone ( Tables 2, 4 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Comparative analysis of seed size, germination, and vegetative allocation in annual and herbaceous perennial crops and their wild relatives inLupinusandPhaseolus(Fabaceae)

Herron

Ciotir

et al. 2019

Preprint

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word count: 294 17 Body text word count: 9241 18 Figure count: 3 (+1 supplementary) ABSTRACT 22 Herbaceous perennial species are receiving increased attention for their potential to provide both 23 edible products and ecosystem services in agricultural systems. Many legumes (Fabaceae Lindl.) 24 are of special interest due to nitrogen fixation carried out by bacteria in their roots and their 25 production of protein-rich, edible seeds. However, herbaceous perennial legumes have yet to 26 enter widespread use as pulse crops, and the response of wild, herbaceous, perennial species to 27 artificial selection for increased seed yield remains under investigation. Here we compare 28 cultivated and wild accessions of congeneric annual and herbaceous perennial legume species to 29 investigate associations of lifespan and cultivation with seed size, germination, and first year 30 vegetative growth patterns, and to characterize covariation among traits. We use "cultivated" to 31 describe accessions with a history of human planting and use, which encompasses a continuum 32 of domestication. Analyses focused on three annual and eight perennial Lupinus species, and 33 three annual and four perennial Phaseolus species. We found a significant association of both 34 lifespan and cultivation status with seed size (weight, area, length), germination proportion, node 35 Lifespan and cultivation in Fabaceae 2 number, stem diameter, shoot dry mass, and root dry mass. Wild seed size was greater in annuals 36 for Lupinus and greater for perennials in Phaseolus. Germination was lower in wild perennials 37 than wild annuals in both genera, and vegetative allocation was roughly equivalent across 38 lifespans in wild Phaseolus. Relative to wild forms, both cultivated annual and cultivated 39 perennial accessions exhibited greater seed size, lower germination proportion, and larger overall 40 plant size. Seed size traits were positively correlated with vegetative growth traits, and all 41 biomass traits examined here were positively correlated. This study highlights some basic 42 similarities and differences between annual and herbaceous perennial legumes, and provides 43 insights into how perennial legumes might respond to artificial selection compared to annual 44 species. 45 46

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Partitioning of Carbohydrates in Annual and Perennial Cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL.)

Cited by 42 publications

References 9 publications

Plant Drought Stress: Effects, Mechanisms and Management

Plant Drought Stress: Effects, Mechanisms and Management

Growth and developmental responses of crop plants under drought stress: a review

Comparative analysis of seed size, germination, and vegetative allocation in annual and herbaceous perennial crops and their wild relatives inLupinusandPhaseolus(Fabaceae)

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