Partitioning of chlorpyrifos between water and an aquatic macrophyte ()

The use of constructed wetlands for removal of pesticides from agricultural runoff and drainage: A review

“…In general, removal of pesticides through plant uptake and sorption through the root system could be expected for systemic herbicides. Plants may increase pesticide removal either directly through uptake or indirectly through associated periphyton and humic contribution (Brock et al, 1992;Stomp et al, 1994;Karen et al, 1998;Schulz and Peall, 2001;Olette et al, 2008). The ability of wetland plants to take up and cumulate pesticides was shown in several early studies under laboratory conditions.…”

Mitigating with macrophytes: Submersed plants reduce the toxicity of pesticide‐contaminated water to zooplankton

“…For example, macrophytes can sorb insecticides, potentially reducing the duration and intensity of exposure experienced by aquatic taxa [18,19]. In fact, submersed macrophytes can sorb up to 90% of insecticides from the water column within 24 h, but such high sorption rates only occur for highly lipophilic compounds (i.e., Log octanolwater partition coefficient, K OW > 6.0), such as organochlorine (e.g., dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane [DDT]) and pyrethroid (e.g., lambda-cyhalothrin) insecticides [20,21].…”

“…In fact, submersed macrophytes can sorb up to 90% of insecticides from the water column within 24 h, but such high sorption rates only occur for highly lipophilic compounds (i.e., Log octanolwater partition coefficient, K OW > 6.0), such as organochlorine (e.g., dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane [DDT]) and pyrethroid (e.g., lambda-cyhalothrin) insecticides [20,21]. For less lipophilic compounds-such as the commonly applied organophosphate insecticides chlorpyrifos (Log K OW ¼ 4.81) and malathion (Log K OW ¼ 2.3)-the amount of insecticides removed from the water column by macrophytes typically ranges from 0 to 50% in a 24-h period [18,22,23].…”

Importance of environmental and biomass dynamics in predicting chemical exposure in ecological risk assessment

“…Macrophytes play a vital role in aquatic ecosystems, not only as primary producers, but also because of their ability to sequestrate pollutants, trap suspended solids containing them, and enhance degradation and thus their irreversible removal from water bodies (Hinman and Klaine, 1992;Jeppesen et al, 1998;Karen et al, 1998;Hand et al, 2001). For these reasons, the macrophyte compartment has been incorporated into a number of fate modelling approaches (e.g., Armitage et al, 2008;Park et al, 2008;Renaud et al, 2008;Rose et al, 2008;Nfon et al, 2011).…”