Partitioning of Functional Monomers in Emulsion Polymerization: Distribution of Carboxylic Acid Monomers between Water and Multimonomer Systems

Tripathi, Amit K.; Sundberg, Donald C.

doi:10.1021/ie401433a

Cited by 9 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Thus it is necessary to effectively predict the distribution of these hydroxy functional monomers between water and multicomponent organic phases. Tripathi et al 2 tested a linear mixing model (eq 5) and a log mixing model (eq 6) (after Endo and Schmidt 16 ) for the prediction of vinyl acid distributions between multicomponent organic phases and water. where K m is the predicted multicomponent distribution coefficient, ϕ j is the volume fraction of component j in the mixture, and K mj are the binary partitioning coefficients of the solute between component j and water.…”

Section: Distribution Between Water and A Singlementioning

confidence: 99%

Partitioning of Functional Monomers in Emulsion Polymerization: Distribution of Hydroxy (Meth)acrylate Monomers between Water and Single and Multimonomer Systems

Tripathi

Sundberg

2013

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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We have studied the partitioning behavior of a series of hydroxy acrylate monomers (2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, and 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate) between water and a variety of styrene, acrylate, and methacrylate homo-, co-, and termonomer phases. The distribution coefficients for both single and multicomponent systems strongly depend upon the hydrogen bond acceptor characteristics of the organic phase, but not on the pH of the aqueous phase. These measured distribution coefficients for multicomponent monomer systems can be adequately predicted by applying an appropriate "mixing rule" to the distribution and dimerization coefficients obtained from single monomer systems. The logarithms of these binary coefficients correlate linearly with the molar volume of the (meth)acrylate monomer phase. Hydroxy acrylate monomers are subject to dimerization and multimer formation in organic phases and those equilibrium coefficients are roughly equal for the three monomers studied here, despite their wide difference in polarities. When vinyl acid and hydroxy acrylate monomers are used simultaneously, the distribution coefficients for both monomers increase. These effects depend upon the polarity of the organic phase, the polarities of both functional monomers, and the amount of the functional monomers used in the system. We found minor effects of temperature and negligible effects of ionic strength for the usual emulsion polymerization conditions.

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Section: Distribution Between Water and A Singlementioning

confidence: 99%

Partitioning of Functional Monomers in Emulsion Polymerization: Distribution of Hydroxy (Meth)acrylate Monomers between Water and Single and Multimonomer Systems

Tripathi

Sundberg

2013

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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“…During the emulsion polymerization process, acrylic acid and methacrylic acid (MAA) are added to enhance their latex properties. It can also make the copolymer pH resistant, thermal resistant, and improve their mechanical and adhesive properties. , The presence of the carboxylic group on the outer surface provides stability to the poly(St- co -BA- co -carboxylic acid) copolymer. , The main disadvantage associated with the use of such carboxylic acids is the source of origin. Industrially these monomers are derived from fossil-based sources that are finite in nature .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It can also make the copolymer pH resistant, thermal resistant, and improve their mechanical and adhesive properties. 7,8 The presence of the carboxylic group on the outer surface provides stability to the poly(St-co-BA-cocarboxylic acid) copolymer. 9,10 The main disadvantage associated with the use of such carboxylic acids is the source of origin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Copolymerization of Biomass-Derived Carboxylic Acids for Biobased Acrylic Emulsions

Bohre

Ali

Ocepek

et al. 2019

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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The production of biobased copolymers such as poly(styrene-co-butyl acrylate-co-methacrylic acid) for paints and coating applications is indispensable for the establishment of sustainable biorefineries, but it is challenging because of the utilization of fossil-based sources for the syntheses of methacrylic acid (MAA) from biomass. We have studied the catalytic decarboxylation of biobased itaconic acid, citric acid, and aconitic acid to MAA. Among different tested catalysts, the spinel BaAl12O19 chemical substance was found to grant an additional active catalysis, it optimized selectivity, and a 50% synthesis yield of MAA was achieved. The as-synthesized MAA vinyl monomer has been consequently utilized for the production of a chain-growth poly(St-co-BA-co-MAA) copolymer, industrially manufactured for coating, adhesive, and paint end-user applications. The latexes’ physical properties of bio-MAA-incorporated structured polymers have also been compared with a copolymerized commercial poly(St-co-BA-co-MAA) terpolymer, fabricated from petroleumbased MAA. The functional group distribution, measured molecular weight (M w), determined polydispersity index (Đ M), glass transition temperature (T g), and integrated solid content (w S) of copolymerization poly(St-co-BA-co-MAA) constituent units were comparable with benchmarks.

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“…Acrylic acid (AA) is a conventional functional acrylate monomer and has been widely used in polyacrylate emulsion copolymerization . It is well known that AA is amphiphilic due to the existence of alkyl and carboxylic groups, and it can provide water layer and electrostatic interaction for the latex stability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of acrylic acid in the synthesis of core‐shell fluorine‐containing polyacrylate latex with spherical and plum blossom‐like morphology

Zeng

2015

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The core-shell fluorine-containing polyacrylate latex was successfully synthesized by two-stage semicontinuous emulsion copolymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA), butylacrylate (BA), acrylic acid (AA), and dodecafluoroheptyl methacrylate (DFMA). The fluorine-containing polyacrylate latex was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta potential, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The effects of AA content on monomer conversion, polymerization stability, particle size, corsslinking degree, carboxyl groups distributions (latex surface, aqueous phase or buried in latex), as well as mechanical properties and water absorption rate of latex film were investigated. The obtained fluorine-containing polyacrylate latex exhibited core-shell structure with a particle size of 120-150 nm. The introduction of AA was beneficial for the increase of monomer conversion and the polymerization stability, and had little effects on the mechanical property of latex film. However, the hydrophilicity of AA made the water resistance of latex film get bad. With the increase of AA content, the carboxyl groups preferred to distribute on aqueous phase, and the possibility of homogeneous nucleation increased and more oligomers particles were formed. Moreover, the oligomers would distribute to the latex and continued to grow up, making the latex morphology changed from spherical to plum blossom-like. The core-shell latex had two T g corresponding to the rubber polyacrylate core and hard fluorine-containing polyacrylate shell, and the latex film possessed excellent thermal stability.

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Partitioning of Functional Monomers in Emulsion Polymerization: Distribution of Carboxylic Acid Monomers between Water and Multimonomer Systems

Cited by 9 publications

References 12 publications

Partitioning of Functional Monomers in Emulsion Polymerization: Distribution of Hydroxy (Meth)acrylate Monomers between Water and Single and Multimonomer Systems

Partitioning of Functional Monomers in Emulsion Polymerization: Distribution of Hydroxy (Meth)acrylate Monomers between Water and Single and Multimonomer Systems

Copolymerization of Biomass-Derived Carboxylic Acids for Biobased Acrylic Emulsions

Role of acrylic acid in the synthesis of core‐shell fluorine‐containing polyacrylate latex with spherical and plum blossom‐like morphology

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