Partitioning of Nutrients in Merino Ewes. 11 Glucose Utilization by Skeletal Muscle, the Pregnant Uterus and the Lactating Mammary Gland in Relation to Whole Body Glucose Utilization

Vh, Oddy; Jm, Gooden; Hough, GM; Teleni, E.; Ef, Annison

doi:10.1071/bi9850095

Cited by 38 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(48 reference statements)

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“…In this study whole body glucose utilization and both muscle and uterine glu¬ cose uptake was not significantly changed by neutrali¬ zation of oPL. This is not surprising in view of recent in-vivo studies of the ewe hind limb which have shown that muscle glucose uptake was unchanged (or even slightly increased) in pregnancy, relative to the nonpregnant state (Oddy et al 1985).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 47%

“…Weight of ewes, fetal weight and number, weight of uterine tissue and fluids, feed dry matter and estimated metabolizable energy (ME) intake of ewes in anti-ovine pla¬ cental lactogen (treated)-and normal globulin (untreated)- Dry feed intake (kg/day) 0-97 + 0-27 0-54 + 0-39 ME intake (MJ/day) 9-9 + 2-7 5-5 + 3-8 cose. With the infusion continuing, simultaneous measurements of blood-flow rate and sampling of blood for measurement of glucose and C02 specific radioactivity were made (Oddy, Gooden, Hough et al 1985). Blood was withdrawn continuously over 1 h (6 10 ml samples) at 1 ml/min from the femoral artery, femoral vein and utero-ovarian vein.…”

Section: Measurement Of the Antiserum Titrementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hormone and metabolite assays The analysis of whole blood glucose concentration and specific radioactivity, the calculation of para¬ meters of glucose kinetics and tissue blood-flow and lactate determinations were carried out as described by Oddy et al ( 1985). Plasma FFA was determined by the procedure of Laurell & Tibbling (1967), with an inter¬ assay coefficient of variation (C.V.) of 8-4% (n = 10).…”

Section: Measurement Of the Antiserum Titrementioning

confidence: 99%

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An examination of the proposed roles of placental lactogen in the ewe by means of antibody neutralization

Waters¹,

Oddy²,

McCloghry³

et al. 1985

Journal of Endocrinology

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The physiological role of placental lactogen (PL; chorionic somatomammotrophin) in the ewe has been investigated by infusion of ewes (n = 3) on day 131 of pregnancy with sufficient ovine PL (oPL) antibody to neutralize circulating oPL for at least 12 h. Effectiveness of the antibody neutralization was defined both in vitro and in vivo according to rigorous criteria. Control ewes (n = 3) were infused simultaneously with an equivalent amount of pooled goat gamma globulin. Since both sets of ewes had previously been catheterized with jugular, utero-ovarian and femoral vein catheters and a femoral arterial catheter, it was possible to measure whole body glucose kinetics as well as muscle and uterine glucose, free fatty acid (FFA) and 3-hydroxybutyrate extraction. In addition, plasma levels of insulin, GH, prolactin, insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), IGF-II, progesterone and cholesterol were determined in femoral arterial samples. Neutralization of maternal oPL did not significantly affect whole body glucose metabolism, uterine and muscle glucose extraction, or 3-hydroxybutyrate extraction by muscle. A trend towards lower plasma FFA levels was observed after prolonged infusion, but was not statistically significant. However, plasma insulin levels rose significantly during antibody infusion after an early fall. These observations are rationalized in terms of the known requirements of ruminant metabolism during pregnancy, and contrasted with the accepted model for the role of human PL in the metabolic adjustments of pregnancy. No change in plasma IGF-I, IGF-II or GH was observed, providing no support for the concept that oPL is responsible for maternal somatomedin generation during pregnancy. Similarly, plasma prolactin did not differ between antibody-treated and control groups. Finally, antibody neutralization had no influence on either plasma progesterone or cholesterol, mitigating against a role for oPL in progesterone production during late pregnancy in the ewe.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 47%

Section: Measurement Of the Antiserum Titrementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Measurement Of the Antiserum Titrementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

An examination of the proposed roles of placental lactogen in the ewe by means of antibody neutralization

Waters¹,

Oddy²,

McCloghry³

et al. 1985

Journal of Endocrinology

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“…Perhaps it is some other specific nutrient such as glucose which is known to be utilized by the follicle bulb (Leng & Stephenson, 1965) ? Although there is a significant decline in the amount of glucose available to maternal non-muscle tissues in pregnancy, no such decline occurs in lactation (Oddy et al 1985). Increased amino acid supply, in the form of formal-dehyde-treated casein (Barry, 1969;Henderson et al 1970) or infusion of casein into the abomasum (Williams etal.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wool growth of pregnant and lactating Merino ewes

Oddy¹

1985

J. Agric. Sci.

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The wool production of pregnant, lactating and non-pregnant, non-lactating (dry) Merino ewes eating one of three diets: chaffed oaten hay (OH), chaffed lucerne hay (LH), and a 50/50 (w/w) mixture of OH and LH, was determined. Measurements were made for 2 months prior to mating, during pregnancy and for 3 months after lambing, and for the dry ewes over the same period.Production of clean wool (Y, g/day) by dry ewes was linearly related to digestible organic matter intake (X, g/day): Y = 00301X-3-34, r = 0-97. Clean wool growth was significantly less (P < 0-01) than dry ewes in the 4th and 5th month of pregnancy and throughout lactation. During pregnancy the total deficit in clean wool growth (calculated as the difference between observed wool growth and that expected on the basis of the relationship between feed intake and clean wool growth of dry ewes) was 456 g for ewes bearing a single lamb and 578 g for those bearing twins, with no difference between diets. In lactation the total clean wool growth deficit increased as milk production increased, and for every litre of milk produced there was a deficit of 12 g clean wool.Wool fibre diameter was reduced during the 1st month of lactation. There was no consistent effect of pregnancy or lactation on the number of wool follicles per mm 2 , the ratio of primary plus secondary to primary wool follicles, or on the thickness of skin on the midside.Digestibility of dietary organic matter (DOM) was reduced during the last 3 months of pregnancy, and the first 2 months of lactation. However, this was insufficient to account for the magnitude of the decrease in wool growth seen during pregnancy and lactation.Wool sulphur content increased during pregnancy (P < 0-001), but not during lactation. The relationship between total plasma cyst(e)ine concentration and DOM intake during pregnancy was similar to that in dry ewes, but during lactation total plasma cyst(e)ine concentration was less than expected. It was calculated that during pregnancy the amount of sulphur saved through reduced wool growth was greater than that deposited in the conceptus, and during lactation the amount of sulphur saved in reduced wool growth matched that excreted as milk.These results are discussed in relation to control of wool growth during pregnancy and lactation. a n d a P P e a r s t o b e dependent on the quantity and quality of feed available (Corbett & Furnival, 1976). Annual wool growth in Merino ewes is decreased In different strains of Merino ewes the effects of from 7 to 26 % as a result of bearing and rearing pregnancy and lactation can be quite different lambs (Corbett, 1979).

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“…In the present experiments, feed intakes were not different across pregnant and non-pregnant ewes and the constant infusion rates suggest similar total utilization rates, while the difference in MPII reflects different patterns of glucose utilization. Thus as pregnancy advances, the site of utilization changes, from peripheral tissues (muscle and adipose tissues) to the gravid uterus [13,56]. If there were no mechanisms in place to suppress peripheral glucose utilization, be it insulin resistance or reduced insulin output, it should be expected that pregnant animals would show a greater GIR and an increased MPII.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Regnault

Oddy

Nancarrow

et al. 2004

Reprod Biol Endocrinol

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Background: Elevated non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) concentrations in non-pregnant animals have been reported to decrease pancreatic responsiveness. As ovine gestation advances, maternal insulin concentrations fall and NEFA concentrations increase. Experiments were designed to examine if the pregnancy-associated rise in NEFA concentration is associated with a reduced pancreatic sensitivity to glucose in vivo. We investigated the possible relationship of NEFA concentrations in regulating maternal insulin concentrations during ovine pregnancy at three physiological states, nonpregnant, non-lactating (NPNL), 105 and 135 days gestational age (dGA, term 147+/-3 days).

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Partitioning of Nutrients in Merino Ewes. 11 Glucose Utilization by Skeletal Muscle, the Pregnant Uterus and the Lactating Mammary Gland in Relation to Whole Body Glucose Utilization

Cited by 38 publications

References 29 publications

An examination of the proposed roles of placental lactogen in the ewe by means of antibody neutralization

An examination of the proposed roles of placental lactogen in the ewe by means of antibody neutralization

Wool growth of pregnant and lactating Merino ewes

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