Partitioning of Ru, Rh, Pd, Re, Ir and Pt between liquid metal and silicate at high pressures and high temperatures - Implications for the origin of highly siderophile element concentrations in the Earth’s mantle

Mann, Ute; Frost, Daniel J.; Rubie, D. C.; Becker, Harry; Audétat, Andreas

doi:10.1016/j.gca.2012.01.026

Cited by 149 publications

(167 citation statements)

References 53 publications

(132 reference statements)

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“…In studies that assume only the presence of quench related inclusions, there is variable agreement with the inclusion-free data. For example, good agreement is observed with the results of Mann et al 49 , however, the experiments of Cottrell et al 22 display systematically lower values of D Met/Sil than inclusion-free experiments 31 . The generation of inclusion-free experiments at a wide range of conditions is thus crucial to assess the reliability of previous inclusion-contaminated measurements.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

“…For experiments in which the HSE of interest is not present as a pure phase (i.e., HSE metal activity <1), concentrations measured in the silicate phase are corrected to unit activity using available thermodynamic data. With the exception of Au, a useful summary of the available activity-composition relations for HSE alloys is provided in reference 49 . Limited data for Au-Fe alloys may be found in references 46,51 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Metal-silicate Partitioning at High Pressure and Temperature: Experimental Methods and a Protocol to Suppress Highly Siderophile Element Inclusions

Bennett

Brenan

Fei

2015

JoVE

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Estimates of the primitive upper mantle (PUM) composition reveal a depletion in many of the siderophile (iron-loving) elements, thought to result from their extraction to the core during terrestrial accretion. Experiments to investigate the partitioning of these elements between metal and silicate melts suggest that the PUM composition is best matched if metal-silicate equilibrium occurred at high pressures and temperatures, in a deep magma ocean environment. The behavior of the most highly siderophile elements (HSEs) during this process however, has remained enigmatic. Silicate run-products from HSE solubility experiments are commonly contaminated by dispersed metal inclusions that hinder the measurement of element concentrations in the melt. The resulting uncertainty over the true solubility and metal-silicate partitioning of these elements has made it difficult to predict their expected depletion in PUM. Recently, several studies have employed changes to the experimental design used for high pressure and temperature solubility experiments in order to suppress the formation of metal inclusions. The addition of Au (Re, Os, Ir, Ru experiments) or elemental Si (Pt experiments) to the sample acts to alter either the geometry or rate of sample reduction respectively, in order to avoid transient metal oversaturation of the silicate melt. This contribution outlines procedures for using the pistoncylinder and multi-anvil apparatus to conduct solubility and metal-silicate partitioning experiments respectively. A protocol is also described for the synthesis of uncontaminated run-products from HSE solubility experiments in which the oxygen fugacity is similar to that during terrestrial core-formation. Time-resolved LA-ICP-MS spectra are presented as evidence for the absence of metal-inclusions in run-products from earlier studies, and also confirm that the technique may be extended to investigate Ru. Examples are also given of how these data may be applied. Video LinkThe video component of this article can be found at

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal-silicate Partitioning at High Pressure and Temperature: Experimental Methods and a Protocol to Suppress Highly Siderophile Element Inclusions

Bennett

Brenan

Fei

2015

JoVE

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“…Furthermore, neither Zr nor Ba are siderophile elements (Mo only slightly so), nor are they strongly separated between the gas and solid phases. Recently, Mann et al (2012) have shown that Ru was not partitioned, not even under high pressure or temperature. Both Mo and Zr are refractory elements and even though Ba is less refractory, it is still far from being volatile.…”

Section: Presolar Grainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stellar abundances and presolar grains trace the nucleosynthetic origin of molybdenum and ruthenium

Hansen¹,

Andersen

Christlieb³

2014

A&A

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This work presents a large consistent study of molybdenum (Mo) and ruthenium (Ru) abundances in the Milky Way. These two elements are important nucleosynthetic diagnostics. In our sample of 71 Galactic metal-poor field stars, we detect Ru and/or Mo in 52 of these (59 including upper limits). The sample consists of high-resolution, high signal-to-noise spectra covering both dwarfs and giants from [Fe/H] = −0.63 down to −3.16. Thus we provide information on the behaviour of Mo I and Ru I at higher and lower metallicity than is currently known. In this sample we find a wide spread in the Mo and Ru abundances, which is typical of heavy elements. We confirm earlier findings of Mo enhanced stars around [Fe/H] = −1.5 and add ∼15 stars both dwarfs and giants with normal (<0.3 dex) Mo and Ru abundances, as well as more than 15 Mo and Ru enhanced (>0.5 dex) stars to the currently known stellar sample. This indicates that several formation processes, in addition to high entropy winds, can be responsible for the formation of elements like Mo and Ru. We trace the formation processes by comparing Mo and Ru to elements (Sr, Zr, Pd, Ag, Ba, and Eu) with known formation processes. Based on how tight the two elements correlate with each other, we are able to distinguish if they share a common formation process and how important this contribution is to the element abundance. We find clear indications of contributions from several different formation processes, namely the p-process, and the slow (s-), and rapid (r-) neutron-capture processes. From these correlations we find that Mo is a highly convolved element that receives contributions from both the s-process and the p-process and less from the main and weak r-processes, whereas Ru is mainly formed by the weak r-process as is silver. We also compare our absolute elemental stellar abundances to relative isotopic abundances of presolar grains extracted from meteorites. Their isotopic abundances can be directly linked to the formation process (e.g. r-only isotopes) providing a unique comparison between observationally derived abundances and the nuclear formation process. The comparison to abundances in presolar grains shows that the r-/s-process ratios from the presolar grains match the total elemental chemical composition derived from metal-poor halo stars with [Fe/H] around −1.5 to −1.1 dex. This indicates that both grains and stars around and above [Fe/H] = −1.5 are equally (well) mixed and therefore do not support a heterogeneous presolar nebula. An inhomogeneous interstellar medium (ISM) should only be expected at lower metallicities. Our data, combined with the abundance ratios of presolar grains, could indicate that the AGB yields are less efficiently mixed into stars than into presolar grains. Finally, we detect traces of s-process material at [Fe/H] = −1.5, indicating that this process is at work at this and probably at even lower metallicity.

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“…The principal evidence for such late material addition comes from the concentrations of highly siderophile elements (HSE: e.g. Os, Pt, Re, Au) in Earth's mantle, which are higher than expected for metal-silicate equilibration during core formation (Brenan and McDonough, 2009;Mann et al, 2012). Moreover, the HSE in the mantle occur in broadly chondritic relative proportions, which is unexpected for metal-silicate partitioning (Meisel et al, 1996;Becker et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly siderophile element and 182 W evidence for a partial late veneer in the source of 3.8 Ga rocks from Isua, Greenland

Dale

Kruijer

Burton

2017

Earth and Planetary Science Letters

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Use policyThe full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-pro t purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. was added. In this case, the Isua source can represent ambient mantle after the giant moonforming impact, into which only a part of Earth's full late veneer was mixed, rather than an isotopically distinct mantle domain produced by early differentiation, which would probably require survival through the giant Moon-forming impact.3

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Partitioning of Ru, Rh, Pd, Re, Ir and Pt between liquid metal and silicate at high pressures and high temperatures - Implications for the origin of highly siderophile element concentrations in the Earth’s mantle

Cited by 149 publications

References 53 publications

Metal-silicate Partitioning at High Pressure and Temperature: Experimental Methods and a Protocol to Suppress Highly Siderophile Element Inclusions

Metal-silicate Partitioning at High Pressure and Temperature: Experimental Methods and a Protocol to Suppress Highly Siderophile Element Inclusions

Stellar abundances and presolar grains trace the nucleosynthetic origin of molybdenum and ruthenium

Highly siderophile element and 182 W evidence for a partial late veneer in the source of 3.8 Ga rocks from Isua, Greenland

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