What is known about the topic• There is policy commitment to closer working between professionals to improve health and social care but the benefits of this are poorly understood at the user ⁄ patient level.• Language and terminology used to capture the process of interprofessional working are imprecise.• There is little evidence linking interprofessional working to explicit outcomes for older people.• It is not clear how different contexts, systems, professionals, agencies, roles and services influence the effectiveness of inter-professional working.
What this paper adds• There are different ways to document the process of interprofessional working.• Studies should measure effectiveness and cost effectiveness of interprofessional working.• Integrated models of inter-professional working have the potential to improve processes of care and to reduce hospital use or long-term care moves.
AbstractHealth and social care policy in the UK advocates inter-professional working (IPW) to support older people with complex and multiple needs. Whilst there is a growing understanding of what supports IPW, there is a lack of evidence linking IPW to explicit outcomes for older people living in the community. This review aimed to identify the models of IPW that provide the strongest evidence base for practice with community dwelling older people. We searched electronic databases from 1 January 1990-31 March 2008. In December 2010 we updated the findings from relevant systematic reviews identified since 2008. We selected papers describing interventions that involved IPW for community dwelling older people and randomised controlled trials (RCT) reporting user-relevant outcomes. Included studies were classified by IPW models (Case Management, Collaboration and Integrated Team) and assessed for risk of bias. We conducted a narrative synthesis of the evidence according to the type of care (interventions delivering acute, chronic, palliative and preventive care) identified within each model of IPW. We retrieved 3211 records and included 37 RCTs which were mapped onto the IPW models: Overall, there is weak evidence of effectiveness and cost-effectiveness for IPW, although well-integrated and shared care models improved processes of care and have the potential to reduce hospital or nursing ⁄ care home use. Study quality varied considerably and high quality evaluations as well as observational studies are needed to identify the key components of effective IPW in relation to user-defined outcomes. Differences in local contexts raise questions about the applicability of the findings and their implications for practice. We need more information on the outcomes of the process of IPW and evaluations of the effectiveness of different configurations of health and social care professionals for the care of community dwelling older people.