Partnerships for Development: Four Models of Business Involvement

Abstract

corporate social responsibility, corporate accountability, social economy, development, co-operatives, global compact, partnerships,

Corporate Social Responsibility in Europe

“…This also highlights that CSR practices are not just the responsibility of businesses but of the government and local communities too (Chambers Ireland, 2014). This partnership between the DECLG and CI is similar to what has been happening in other countries over the last two decades where there has been a proliferation of partnerships between business and government, multilateral bodies, and/or social actors such as NGOs and local community organisations engaged in promoting CSR development (Reed & Reed, 2009). It has been suggested that re-embedding the economy of a country with the government as a strategic partner both through interplay with socioeconomic processes in civil society and through media amplification, re-injects social responsibility in industry (Midttun, 2005) which would seem to be the aim of the DECLG in its funding of CI and their CSR awards.…”

Public‐private partnerships (PPPs) in development policy: Exploring the concept and practice

“…Participants from public, private and civil society sectors in donor and recipient countries (Barr, 2007;Börzel & Risse, 2005;Chataway & Smith, 2006;Forsyth, 2010;Khanom, 2010;Kolk et al, 2008;Lawson, 2011;Miraftab, 2004;Mitchell-Weaver & Manning, 1991;Pinkse & Kolk, 2012;Reed & Reed, 2009;Schäferhoff et al, 2009;Simon et al, 2014;Weihe, 2008) Sharing of resources, risks and responsibilities among partners (Barr, 2007;Brinkerhoff & Brinkerhoff, 2011;Khanom, 2010;Kolk et al, 2008;Lawson, 2011;Miraftab, 2004;Mitchell-Weaver & Manning, 1991;Pinkse & Kolk, 2012;Schäferhoff et al, 2009;Simon et al, 2014) Degree of partnership based on commitment and type of relation (such as contractual) (Barr, 2007;Brinkerhoff & Brinkerhoff, 2011;Börzel & Risse, 2005;Forsyth, 2010;Mitchell-Weaver & Manning, 1991;Pinkse & Kolk, 2012;Schäferhoff et al, 2009;Utting & Zammit, 2009;Weihe, 2008;Wettenhall, 2005) Organization of the partnership based on form and decision-making (Barr, 2007;Buse & Walt, 2000;Forsyth, 2010;Lawson, 2011;Mitchell-Weaver & Manning, 1991;Pinkse & Kolk, 20...…”

“…To a large extent, this dimension depends on the type of development partnership (Brinkerhoff & Brinkerhoff, 2011). PPPs can have different degrees of stakeholder influence and constraints (Reed & Reed, 2009), or be organized around a purpose of influencing each other's decision-making processes, task-forces to set direction, or even establishment of new organizations (Buse & Walt, 2000;Mitchell-Weaver & Manning, 1991). Related to the degree of partnership, organization can also depend on the formal arrangement of the PPP and how involved the various partners are (Forsyth, 2010).…”

“…Other types of PPP have specific governance functions that were previously carried out under the auspices of national governments such as rulesetting, information sharing, or policy implementation (Börzel & Risse, 2005;Pinkse & Kolk, 2012;Schäferhoff et al, 2009). A Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) partnership is, for instance, a type of PPP which is often rule-setting (developing codes of conduct) or certifies initiatives (Reed & Reed, 2009). Some scholars furthermore argue that PPPs have become popular, as they are associated with good governance in the form of trust, collaboration, responsibility and improved reputation (Utting & Zammit, 2009), while on the other hand being criticized as public funding of private interests especially in the most advanced of the developing countries (Lawson, 2011).…”

“…From this perspective, the effectiveness of PPPs can be evaluated not just on partnership output, such as the provision of anti-malaria drugs, but the long-term impact of reducing malaria-related death rates as exemplified by Schäferhoff et al (2009). Depending on the type of partnership, the intended long-term effects can also be outcomes such as improving efficiency in non-competitive markets (Reed & Reed, 2009) or creating institutions for better healthcare (Simon et al, 2014). Table 1 summarizes the eight partnership characteristics and the literature relating to each dimension.…”