“…By focussing on the public opinion of foreign an security policy-making in Europe, this article not only contributes to the debate on whether external threats can result in further EU integration (Freudlsperger & Schimmelfennig, 2022 ; Genschel, 2022 ; Genschel & Schimmelfennig, 2022 ) but also speaks to the literature on the development of EU foreign and security policy and strategic autonomy in general (Howorth, 2001 ; Howorth & Keeler, 2003 ; Ojanen, 2006 ; Smith, 2004 ). In addition, with the emphasis on the demand side of foreign and security policy, this article, by analysing the citizens' preferences, also taps into the discussion of how domestic partisan politics could influence foreign and security policy decision-making (Otjes et al, 2022 ; Raunio & Wagner, 2020 ).…”