Parvalbumin-Expressing GABAergic Neurons in Primary Motor Cortex Signal Reaching

Estebanez, Luc; Hoffmann, Diana; Voigt, Birgit C.; Poulet, James F.A.

doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2017.06.044

Cited by 78 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…3) 140,54 . Excitatory cell time-averaged firing rates ranged up to 25 Hz for excitatory populations, and 60 Hz for inhibitory cell types, consistent with in vivo recordings from sensorimotor cortical areas in mouse and rat 58,76,106,41,60 . Spiking irregularity ( Fig.…”

Section: Spontaneous Activity Patternssupporting

confidence: 74%

Multiscale dynamics and information flow in a data-driven model of the primary motor cortex microcircuit

Durá-Bernal

Neymotin

Suter

et al. 2017

Preprint

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We developed a biologically detailed multiscale model of mouse primary motor cortex (M1) microcircuits, incorporating data from several recent experimental studies. The model simulates at scale a cylindrical volume with a diameter of 300 m and cortical depth 1350 m of M1. It includes over 10,000 cells distributed across cortical layers based on measured cell densities, with close to 30 million synaptic connections. Neuron models were optimized to reproduce electrophysiological properties of major classes of M1 neurons. Layer 5 corticospinal and corticostriatal neuron morphologies with 700+ compartments reproduced cell 3D reconstructions, and their ionic channel distributions were optimized within experimental constraints to reproduce in vitro recordings. The network was driven by the main long-range inputs to M1: posterior nucleus (PO) and ventrolateral (VL) thalamus PO, primary and secondary somatosensory cortices (S1, S2), contralateral M1, secondary motor cortex (M2), and orbital cortex (OC). The network local and long-range connections depended on pre-and post-synaptic cell class and cortical depth. Data was based on optogenetic circuit mapping studies which determined that connection strengths vary within layer as a function of the neuron's cortical depth. The synaptic input distribution across cell dendritic trees -likely to subserve important neural coding functions -was also mapped using optogenetic methods and incorporated into the model. We employed the model to study the effect on M1 of increased activity from each of the long-range inputs, and of different levels of H-current in pyramidal tract-projecting (PT) corticospinal neurons. Microcircuit dynamics and information flow were quantified using firing rates, oscillations, and information transfer measures (Spectral Granger causality). We evaluated the response to short pulses and long time-varying activity arising from the different long-range inputs. We also studied the interaction between two simultaneous long-range inputs. Simulation results support the hypothesis that M1 operates along a continuum of modes characterized by the degree of activation of intratelencephalic (IT), corticothalamic (CT) and PT neurons. The particular subset of M1 neurons targeted by different long-range inputs and the level of H-current in PT neurons regulated the different modes. Downregulation of H-current facilitated synaptic integration of inputs and increased PT output activity. Therefore, VL, cM1 and M2 inputs with downregulated H-current promoted an PT-predominant mode; whereas PO, S11 . CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license It is made available under a (which was not peer-reviewed) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity.The copyright holder for this preprint . http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/201707 doi: bioRxiv preprint first posted online Oct. 11, 2017; and S2 inputs with upregulated H-current favored an IT-predominant mode, but a mixed mode where upper layer IT cells in turn activated PT cells if H-c...

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Section: Spontaneous Activity Patternssupporting

confidence: 74%

Multiscale dynamics and information flow in a data-driven model of the primary motor cortex microcircuit

Durá-Bernal

Neymotin

Suter

et al. 2017

Preprint

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“…The mouse forepaw is in many respects analogous to the human hand, but has hardly been examined at the functional or anatomical level. A more detailed exploration of glabrous skin sensory receptors in the mouse is even more relevant considering the increasing interest in skilled forelimb movements, tactile feedback during movement and perceptual tasks based on sensory stimuli applied to the forepaw glabrous skin (Estebanez et al, 2017;Fink et al, 2014;Milenkovic et al, 2014;Wetzel et al, 2017). Several types of mechanoreceptors have been characterized using electrophysiology mostly in the mouse hairy skin (Koltzenburg et al, 1997;Lewin and Moshourab, 2004;Milenkovic et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specialized mechanoreceptor systems in rodent glabrous skin

Lewin

Walcher

Ojeda-Alonso

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Rodents use their forepaws to actively interact with their tactile environment. Studies on the physiology and anatomy of glabrous skin that makes up the majority of the forepaw are almost non-existent in the mouse. Here we developed a preparation to record from single sensory fibers of the forepaw and compared anatomical and physiological receptor properties to those of the hind paw glabrous and hairy skin. We found that the mouse forepaw skin is equipped with a very high density of mechanoreceptors; >3 fold more than hind paw glabrous skin. In addition, rapidly adapting mechanoreceptors that innervate Meissner's corpuscles of the forepaw were several-fold more sensitive to slowly moving mechanical stimuli compared to their counterparts in the hind paw glabrous skin. All other mechanoreceptors types as well as myelinated nociceptors had physiological properties that were invariant regardless of which skin area they occupied. We discovered a novel D-hair receptor innervating a small group of hairs in the middle of the hind paw glabrous skin in mice. Glabrous D-hair receptors were direction sensitive albeit with an orientation sensitivity opposite to that described for hairy skin D-hair receptors. Glabrous D-hair receptors do not occur in all rodents, but are present in North American and African rodent species that diverged more than 65 million years ago. The function of these specialized hairs is unknown, but they are nevertheless evolutionarily very ancient. Our study reveals novel physiological specializations of mechanoreceptors in the glabrous skin that likely evolved to facilitate tactile exploration.

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“…We also found a large proportion of sextouch neurons in vibrissa motor cortex. We already know that neurons in rodent motor cortex can have low-latency responses to touch 40,[66][67][68][69][70] , that motor cortex is an important node in a distributed network for touch processing [71][72][73][74][75] and that motor cortical activity modulates somatosensory processing in both somatosensory cortex [76][77][78] and thalamus 79 . Vibrissa motor cortex has been implicated in diverse aspects of sensorimotor cognition (for reviews, see 80,81 ) and our study adds a potential role in sex-dependent processing of social cues to this complex picture.…”

Section: Social Touch Responses In Frontal Cortexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subject sex and partner sex modulate social touch responses across multiple cortical areas

Ebbesen

Bobrov

Rao

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Touch is a fundamental aspect of social, parental and sexual behavior. Despite our detailed knowledge about cortical processing of non-social touch, we still know little about how social touch cortical circuits. We investigated neural activity across five frontal, motor and sensory cortical areas in rats engaging in naturalistic social facial touch. Information about social touch and the sex of the interaction partner (a biologically significant feature) is a major determinant of cortical activity. 25.3% of units were modulated during social touch and 8.3% of units displayed 'sex-touch' responses (responded differently, depending on the sex of the interaction partner). Single-unit responses were part of a structured, partner-sex-and, in some cases, subject-sex-dependent population response. Simulations suggest that a change in inhibitory drive might underlie these population dynamics. Our observations suggest that socio-sexual characteristics of touch (subject and partner sex) widely modulate cortical activity and need to be investigated with cellular resolution. Single cortical neurons signal social touch and partner sex= 1 = −1 Figure 1 | Diverse cortical responses and variable behavioral timing during social facial touch. (a) The social gap paradigm 27 . Rats separated on two platforms will reach across the gap to engage in social facial touch. In social facial touch, rats align their snouts and whisk to palpate each other's face with their mystacial vibrissae. We recorded the behavior of male and female rats by videography from above in visual darkness under infrared illumination 29,33,34 . (b) Anatomical location of vibrissa motor cortex ('VMC'the primary motor representation of the mystacial vibrissae), cingulate cortex ('ACC'a putative homolog of human/primate anterior cingulate cortex), prelimbic cortex ('PrL'a putative homolog of human/primate medial prefrontal cortex), barrel cortex ('S1'the primary somatosensory representation of the mystacial vibrissae) and auditory cortex ('A1'). (c) Example peri-stimulus time histograms (PSTHs) of touch-activated single neurons (Wilcoxon signed-rank test), aligned to the first whisker-to-whisker touch in each social touch episode. Raster plot above shows single trials, black dots indicate single spikes and vertical line indicates beginning of social facial touch. Black line below indicates mean firing rate, smoothed with an Alpha kernel ( = 75 ms), shaded area indicates s.e.m. (d) Example PSTHs of touch-suppressed single neurons (Wilcoxon signed-rank test), aligned to the first whisker-to-whisker touch in each social touch episode. Same plotting convention as in (c). (e) Top: Histograms of touch duration (red) and inter-touch-time (blue) of social facial touch episodes. The time axes of both plots are clipped at 10 s. Below: Probability distributions of touch duration (red) and inter-touch-interval (blue) of social touch episodes, plotted on a logarithmic time scale. The two distributions span multiple orders of magnitude and strongly overlap.

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Parvalbumin-Expressing GABAergic Neurons in Primary Motor Cortex Signal Reaching

Cited by 78 publications

References 44 publications

Multiscale dynamics and information flow in a data-driven model of the primary motor cortex microcircuit

Multiscale dynamics and information flow in a data-driven model of the primary motor cortex microcircuit

Specialized mechanoreceptor systems in rodent glabrous skin

Subject sex and partner sex modulate social touch responses across multiple cortical areas

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