Parvalbumin-immunoreactive neurons in the rat neostriatum: a light and electron microscopic study

Kita, Hitoshi; Kosaka, Toshio; Heizmann, Claus W.

doi:10.1016/0006-8993(90)90002-s

Cited by 390 publications

(289 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…There are several subtypes of GABA interneurons Kawaguchi, 1997) but the largest population is characterised by the presence of calcium binding protein, parvalbumin (PV) (Fig. 3 A-C ;Cowan et al 1990 ;Kita et al 1990 ;Kita, 1993). These neurons account for only a small proportion of the total population of striatal neurons, possess smooth spine-free dendrites, have the ability to fire at high rates (Kawaguchi, 1993) and are interconnected by gap junctions (Kita, 1993 ;Koos & Tepper, 1999).…”

Section:     mentioning

confidence: 99%

Synaptic organisation of the basal ganglia

Bolam¹,

Hanley²,

Booth³

et al. 2000

Journal of Anatomy

848

638

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The basal ganglia are a group of subcortical nuclei involved in a variety of processes including motor, cognitive and mnemonic functions. One of their major roles is to integrate sensorimotor, associative and limbic information in the production of context-dependent behaviours. These roles are exemplified by the clinical manifestations of neurological disorders of the basal ganglia. Recent advances in many fields, including pharmacology, anatomy, physiology and pathophysiology have provided converging data that have led to unifying hypotheses concerning the functional organisation of the basal ganglia in health and disease. The major input to the basal ganglia is derived from the cerebral cortex. Virtually the whole of the cortical mantle projects in a topographic manner onto the striatum, this cortical information is 'processed' within the striatum and passed via the so-called direct and indirect pathways to the output nuclei of the basal ganglia, the internal segment of the globus pallidus and the substantia nigra pars reticulata. The basal ganglia influence behaviour by the projections of these output nuclei to the thalamus and thence back to the cortex, or to subcortical 'premotor' regions. Recent studies have demonstrated that the organisation of these pathways is more complex than previously suggested. Thus the cortical input to the basal ganglia, in addition to innervating the spiny projection neurons, also innervates GABA interneurons, which in turn provide a feed-forward inhibition of the spiny output neurons. Individual neurons of the globus pallidus innervate basal ganglia output nuclei as well as the subthalamic nucleus and substantia nigra pars compacta. About one quarter of them also innervate the striatum and are in a position to control the output of the striatum powerfully as they preferentially contact GABA interneurons. Neurons of the pallidal complex also provide an anatomical substrate, within the basal ganglia, for the synaptic integration of functionally diverse information derived from the cortex. It is concluded that the essential concept of the direct and indirect pathways of information flow through the basal ganglia remains intact but that the role of the indirect pathway is more complex than previously suggested and that neurons of the globus pallidus are in a position to control the activity of virtually the whole of the basal ganglia.Key words : Striatum ; globus pallidus ; corticostriatal ; pallidostriatal ; GABA interneurons ; substantia nigra ; synaptic convergence. The basal ganglia are a group of subcortical nuclei involved in a variety of processes including motor, associative, cognitive and mnemonic functions. The dorsal division of the basal ganglia consists of the striatum (or caudate-putamen), the globus pallidus (GP, external segment of the globus pallidus in primates), entopeduncular nucleus (EP, internal segment of globus pallidus in primates, GPi), the subthalamic nucleus (STN) and the substantia nigra Correspondence to Dr J. P. Bolam,

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Section:     mentioning

confidence: 99%

Synaptic organisation of the basal ganglia

Bolam¹,

Hanley²,

Booth³

et al. 2000

Journal of Anatomy

848

638

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In rodent striatum, PV-containing neurons are rare and occur mainly in the peripheral regions of striosomes where they participate in linking the two striatal compartments (Kita et al, 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ectopic parvalbumin expression in mouse forebrain neurons increases excitotoxic injury provoked by ibotenic acid injection into the striatum

Maetzler

Nitsch

Bendfeldt

et al. 2004

Experimental Neurology

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A neuroprotective role for Ca 2+ -binding proteins in neurodegenerative conditions ranging from ischemia to Alzheimer's disease has been suggested in several studies. A key phenomenon in neurodegeneration is the Ca 2+ -mediated excitotoxicity brought about by the neurotransmitter glutamate. To evaluate the relative ability to resist excitotoxicity of neurons containing the slow-onset Ca 2+ -binding protein parvalbumin (PV), we injected the glutamate agonist ibotenic acid (IBO) into the striatum of adult mice ectopically expressing PV in neurons. Striatal ibotenic acid injection results in local nerve cell loss and reactive astrogliosis. Light microscopic evaluation, carried out after a delay of 2 and 4 weeks, reveals an enlarged and accelerated neurodegenerative process in mice ectopically expressing neuronal PV. Thus, PV is not neuroprotective, it rather enhances nerve cell death. This result implicates that the increase in cytosolic Ca 2+ -buffering capacity in the transgenic mice impairs other systems involved in Ca 2+ sequestration. In addition, ultrastructural morphometric analysis shows that in neurons the mitochondrial volume is reduced in mice ectopically expressing neuronal PV. This is paralleled by a reduction in the amount of the mitochondrial marker enzyme cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COXI). We conclude that alterations in the Ca 2+ homeostasis present in mice ectopically expressing neuronal PV are more deleterious under excitotoxic stress and largely outweigh the potential benefits of an increased Ca 2+ -buffering capacity resulting from PV.

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“…Although a small number of aspiny cells were examined in this study, none of the stained aspiny cells exhibited coupling following treatment with antipsychotic drugs. On the other hand, gap junction-like structures have been reported to be present between at least one class of striatal nonspiny cells (i.e., the parvalbumin-immunoreactive aspiny cells; Kita et al, 1990). One possibility is that junctions between cells in this cell class may require a different type of stimulus from those examined to date in order to cause them to be in the "open" state (Onn and Grace, 1993).…”

Section: Differential Modulation Of Dye Coupling By Typical Versus Atmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repeated treatment with haloperidol and clozapine exerts differential effects on dye coupling between neurons in subregions of striatum and nucleus accumbens

Onn

Grace

1995

J. Neurosci.

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The delayed onset of action of antipsychotic drugs (APDs) during the treatment of schizophrenia has been hypothesized to temporally correlate with the induction of depolarization block in rat mesencephalic dopamine (DA) cell groups. Nevertheless, it is unknown whether these drugs also exert a delayed action on the dopaminoceptive postsynaptic target cells in the striatal complex. Using in vivo intracellular recording and dye labeling techniques, the effects of APDs on dye coupling were examined in subregions of the striatal complex defined by double staining for calbindin immunoreactivity. Rats treated repeatedly with APDs were found to exhibit a 66–71% higher incidence of coupling that occurred in a drug- and a region-specific manner, that is, both drug treatments increased dye coupling in the limbic-associated accumbens shell region whereas only haloperidol increased dye coupling in the motor-related striatal matrix and accumbens core regions. In addition, cells located in regions in which dye coupling was altered also showed significantly higher input resistance. These changes were not observed in response to DA receptor blockade by acute drug administration or when haloperidol was administered for a period sufficient to induce DA receptor supersensitivity but not DA cell depolarization block (i.e., 2 weeks). Therefore, alteration in dye coupling appears to be correlated temporally with the induction of DA cell depolarization block. The finding that both APDs exert a common action on neurons in the accumbens shell region is consistent with its identification as the site of therapeutic drug actions, whereas the capacity of haloperidol to also affect cells in the motor-related matrix and core regions correlates with its high propensity to induce extrapyramidal side effects.

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Parvalbumin-immunoreactive neurons in the rat neostriatum: a light and electron microscopic study

Cited by 390 publications

References 36 publications

Synaptic organisation of the basal ganglia

Synaptic organisation of the basal ganglia

Ectopic parvalbumin expression in mouse forebrain neurons increases excitotoxic injury provoked by ibotenic acid injection into the striatum

Repeated treatment with haloperidol and clozapine exerts differential effects on dye coupling between neurons in subregions of striatum and nucleus accumbens

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