Parvimico materdei gen. et sp. nov.: A new platyrrhine from the Early Miocene of the Amazon Basin, Peru

Biotic community and landscape changes around the Eocene–Oligocene transition at Shapaja, Peruvian Amazonia: Regional or global drivers?

“…4W). Such a simple pattern illustrates, to some extent, the degree of primitiveness of that primate, which rather matches that of some basal anthropoids from the Paleogene of Africa and Perupithecus from Santa Rosa (early Oligocene; Bond et al, 2015;Seiffert et al, 2020) or even Parvimico from Madre de Dios (early Miocene; Kay et al, 2019) than that of most subsequent stem and/or crown platyrrhines of South America (i.e., Homunculidae and extant families; for details, see Marivaux et al, 2016). Rodents are by far the most conspicuous and species-rich mammalian group in the Shapaja section, with teeth uncovered in all localities, and ca.…”

New record of Neosaimiri (Cebidae, Platyrrhini) from the late Middle Miocene of Peruvian Amazonia

“…In the same publication, Stirton (1951) exceptional record, however, is unique, and represents only a snapshot of the evolutionary history of New World monkeys. Although the primate fossil record has continued to improve (slowly but considerably) in South America (e.g., Fleagle and Bown, 1983;Fleagle et al, 1987;Fleagle, 1990;Flynn et al, 1995;Kay et al, 1998Kay et al, , 2008Kay et al, , 2019Takai et al, 2000;Tejedor et al, 2005Tejedor et al, , 2006Kay and Cozzuol, 2006;Kay, 2010;Kramarz et al, 2012;Marivaux et al, 2012Marivaux et al, , 2016aPerry et al, 2014;Bond et al, 2015;Novo and Fleagle, 2015;Antoine et al, 2016;Bloch et al, 2016;Novo et al, 2018;Seiffert et al, 2020), virtually none of the species and genera recorded at La Venta had so far been found elsewhere. Only one lower molar recovered in much more recent levels (Huayquerian SALMA) in Acre, Brazil, was tentatively assigned to the alouattine Stirtonia known in La Venta (Kay and Frailey, 1993).…”

“…Apart from this exceptional past diversity, fossil primates from low latitudes of South America are rare and limited, notably in Amazonia s.l. 1 (Kay and Frailey, 1993;Kay and Cozzuol, 2006;Marivaux et al, 2012Marivaux et al, , 2016aBond et al, 2015;Kay et al, 2019), although this vast land shelters today the most diversified platyrrhine communities of the Americas (e.g., Garber et al, 2009). Because archetypical traits of a modern tropical rainforest seem to have been present in this region of South America for most parts of the Cenozoic (Jaramillo et al, 2010(Jaramillo et al, , 2017, an equally large fossil primate diversity is expected to have existed there.…”

“…Recent field efforts in Peruvian Amazonia have proven that the Andean foothills had great paleontological potential for highlighting the evolutionary history of New World monkeys. Although very fragmentary, the paleontological evidence recently gathered in this area of Western Amazonia has shed new light on the origin, emergence, and subsequent evolution of platyrrhines (Marivaux et al, 2012(Marivaux et al, , 2016aBond et al, 2015;Kay et al, 2019;Seiffert et al, 2020).…”

“… Laventiana Rosenberger et al, 1991, is a genus considered as a junior synonym of Neosaimiri (seeTakai, 1994;Meldrum and Kay, 1997;Kay, 2015).3 Chilecebus was originally referred to as Platyrrhini incertae sedis(Flynn et al, 1995). A recent revision of the fossil material ledKay et al (2019) to include this taxon in the Cebinae.…”