Parvoviruses

Tattersall, Peter; Cotmore, Susan F.

doi:10.1002/9780470688618.taw0227

Cited by 3 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Preliminary TEM data indicated that small virus particles may be present. Possible small DNA viruses were the parvoviridae family [ 11 , 12 ] and viruses of the annellovirus genus, including Torque Teno virus (TTV) and MTTV [ 13 , 14 ]. Parvoviruses require actively dividing cells as fetal hematopoietic tissue as their source of DNA polymerase.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for an enterovirus as the cause of encephalitis lethargica

et al. 2012

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BackgroundThe epidemic of encephalitis lethargica (EL), called classical EL, was rampant throughout the world during 1917–1926, affecting half a million persons. The acute phase was lethal for many victims. Post-encephalitic parkinsonism (PEP) affected patients for decades. Our purpose was to investigate the cause of classical EL by studying the few available brain specimens. Cases of PEP and modern EL were also studied. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and immunohistochemistry were employed to examine brain from four classical EL cases, two modern EL cases and one PEP case.MethodsStandard methods for TEM, immunohistochemistry and RTPCR were applied.Results27 nm virus-like particles (VLP) were observed in the cytoplasm and nuclei of midbrain neurons in all classical EL cases studied. Large (50 nm) VLP and 27 nm intranuclear VLP were observed in the modern EL cases and the PEP case. Influenza virus particles were not found. VLP were not observed in the control cases. TEM of cell cultures inoculated with coxsackievirus B4 and poliovirus revealed both small and large intranuclear virus particles and small cytoplasmic particles, similar to the VLP in EL neurons. In the EL brains, nascent VLP were embedded in putative virus factories and on endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The VLP in the cases of classical EL survived, whereas ribosomes underwent autolysis due to the lack of refrigeration and slow formaldehyde fixation of whole brain. The VLP were larger than ribosomes from well preserved brain. Immunohistochemistry of classical EL cases using anti-poliovirus and anti-coxsackievirus B polyclonal antibodies showed significant staining of cytoplasm and nuclei of neurons as well as microglia and neuropil. Purkinje cells were strongly stained.A 97-bp RNA fragment of a unique virus was isolated from brain tissue from acute EL case #91558. Sequence analysis revealed up to 95% identity to multiple human Enteroviruses. Additional cases had Enterovirus positive reactions by real time PCR.ConclusionsThe data presented here support the hypothesis that the VLP observed in EL tissue is an Enterovirus.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for an enterovirus as the cause of encephalitis lethargica

et al. 2012

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“…On the other hand, the genome sizes of ssDNA viruses are smaller than 10 kb. The parvoviruses constitute a family established in 1970 to encompass all small non-enveloped viruses with approximately 5 kb linear, self-priming, ssDNA genomes [ 21 , 22 ]. According to the VIIIth Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) [ 20 ], this family is separated into two subfamilies, Parvovirinae and Densovirinae.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Viruses in the subfamily Parvovirinae infect vertebrates and vertebrate cell cultures, and frequently associate with other viruses, while those in the subfamily Densovirinae infect arthropods or other invertebrates [ 23 , 24 ]. Dependovirus requires co-infection with herpes or adenovirus for replication and is not itself pathogenic [ 22 ]. Due to the fatal nature of infection with densoviruses on their respective species, it has been suggested that densoviruses may represent suitable vectors for insect control [ 24 , 25 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Whole-proteome phylogeny of large dsDNA viruses and parvoviruses through a composition vector method related to dynamical language model

Chu

et al. 2010

BMC Evol Biol

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BackgroundThe vast sequence divergence among different virus groups has presented a great challenge to alignment-based analysis of virus phylogeny. Due to the problems caused by the uncertainty in alignment, existing tools for phylogenetic analysis based on multiple alignment could not be directly applied to the whole-genome comparison and phylogenomic studies of viruses. There has been a growing interest in alignment-free methods for phylogenetic analysis using complete genome data. Among the alignment-free methods, a dynamical language (DL) method proposed by our group has successfully been applied to the phylogenetic analysis of bacteria and chloroplast genomes.ResultsIn this paper, the DL method is used to analyze the whole-proteome phylogeny of 124 large dsDNA viruses and 30 parvoviruses, two data sets with large difference in genome size. The trees from our analyses are in good agreement to the latest classification of large dsDNA viruses and parvoviruses by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV).ConclusionsThe present method provides a new way for recovering the phylogeny of large dsDNA viruses and parvoviruses, and also some insights on the affiliation of a number of unclassified viruses. In comparison, some alignment-free methods such as the CV Tree method can be used for recovering the phylogeny of large dsDNA viruses, but they are not suitable for resolving the phylogeny of parvoviruses with a much smaller genome size.

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“…There are 2 subfamilies of the family Parvoviridae : Parvovirinae and Densovirina (Latin denso [thick or compact]). Parvovirinae may infect humans, but Densovirina infect only arthropods ( 1 ). Structurally, these viruses are nonenveloped, icosahedral viruses that contain a single-stranded linear DNA genome ( 2 , 3 ).…”

Section: Parvovirus [Pahr′ Vo-vi′′res]mentioning

confidence: 99%

Etymologia: Parvovirus

Fonseca¹

2018

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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Parvoviruses

Cited by 3 publications

References 203 publications

Evidence for an enterovirus as the cause of encephalitis lethargica

Evidence for an enterovirus as the cause of encephalitis lethargica

Whole-proteome phylogeny of large dsDNA viruses and parvoviruses through a composition vector method related to dynamical language model

Etymologia: Parvovirus

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